【摘要】：西歐近代轉(zhuǎn)型時(shí)期商人資本的地位和作用,倍受史學(xué)界關(guān)注。商人資本在海外流動(dòng),對(duì)所謂的“現(xiàn)代世界體系”產(chǎn)生了重要影響,史學(xué)界在這方面的研究也比較充分。而此時(shí)商人資本在西歐范圍內(nèi)所曾有過(guò)的大規(guī)模國(guó)際流動(dòng),學(xué)術(shù)界卻很少予以專(zhuān)門(mén)的關(guān)注。本文力圖將16至18世紀(jì)社會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)型時(shí)期西歐商人資本的這種國(guó)際流動(dòng)作為一種長(zhǎng)時(shí)性的現(xiàn)象,進(jìn)行整體性的研究,探討商人資本在西歐范圍內(nèi)流動(dòng)的原因,流動(dòng)的過(guò)程,流動(dòng)對(duì)西歐社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展所產(chǎn)生的影響,以此來(lái)加深對(duì)西歐向近代社會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)型問(wèn)題的認(rèn)識(shí)。 除“導(dǎo)言"闡述選題由來(lái)、研究現(xiàn)狀,對(duì)商人資本概念的理解,以及本文的主要任務(wù),“結(jié)語(yǔ)”對(duì)全文作出總結(jié)外,正文由三大部分組成,共分七章。 前兩章主要分析商人資本在西歐范圍內(nèi)大規(guī)模國(guó)際流動(dòng)的主客觀原因。 第一章“商人資本國(guó)際流動(dòng)的社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)背景”,主要探討促使商人資本流動(dòng)的各種客觀因素。在西歐封建制度解體,資本主義生產(chǎn)關(guān)系產(chǎn)生及成長(zhǎng)的過(guò)程中,商人資本主義獲得了良好的發(fā)展環(huán)境,如王權(quán)對(duì)它的支持,實(shí)行重商主義政策,在國(guó)內(nèi)外保護(hù)商人資本主義的利益。但也存在著制約商人資本主義發(fā)展的不利因素,特別是中世紀(jì)晚期西歐出現(xiàn)的“貴金屬荒”,即金銀貨幣短缺,其供應(yīng)量遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)小于需求量。由于經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的不平衡,西歐新興的民族國(guó)家常常是財(cái)力不濟(jì),而意大利和南德意志等發(fā)達(dá)地區(qū)卻出現(xiàn)了商人資本的相對(duì)過(guò)剩,于是,前者便有必要也有可能經(jīng)常性地向后者借貸,從而形成了促使資本流動(dòng)的國(guó)際需求。 第二章“商人資本趨向國(guó)際流動(dòng)的主動(dòng)因素”,著重探析商人資本趨向國(guó)際流動(dòng)的主觀因素,認(rèn)為有三:一、商人資本的特性就是為了獲取利潤(rùn),賺取更多的金銀貨幣,而在貨幣中心市場(chǎng)就能比較容易達(dá)到這樣的目的,因此不同時(shí)期的貨幣中心市場(chǎng)對(duì)商人資本具有強(qiáng)大的吸引力。二、以追逐利潤(rùn)為目的的商人資本,哪里有最大贏利的可能,哪怕是要改變自身的原有職能,它也會(huì)奔向哪里,在那里掀起投機(jī)狂潮,尤其是那些大商人資本。三、能量有限的中小商人資本,對(duì)利潤(rùn)的期望值也比大商人資本要小,因此只要有利潤(rùn)的地方,它們都會(huì)去爭(zhēng)取。在大商人資本熱衷于金融投機(jī)后留下的商業(yè)空間,新興的中小商人資本就會(huì)主動(dòng)去填補(bǔ),例如16世紀(jì)后期的地中海依然是商業(yè)利潤(rùn)較高的地區(qū),因而便有大批的
[Abstract]:The position and function of merchant capital in the modern transition period of Western Europe have attracted much attention in the field of history. The flow of merchant capital abroad has had an important impact on the so-called "modern world system", and there has been more research in this field in the field of history. However, the academic circles seldom paid special attention to the large-scale international flow of merchant capital in Western Europe. This paper tries to take the international flow of merchant capital of Western Europe in the social transition period from 16 to 18 centuries as a long-term phenomenon, and to study the reasons and the process of the flow of merchant capital in Western Europe. The influence of the flow on the social and economic development of Western Europe, in order to deepen the understanding of the transition from Western Europe to modern society. In addition to the introduction to explain the origin of the topic, the status quo of the study, understanding of the concept of merchant capital, as well as the main task of this article, "conclusion" to summarize the full text, the text is composed of three parts, a total of seven chapters. The first two chapters mainly analyze the subjective and objective reasons of the large-scale international flow of merchant capital in Western Europe. The first chapter, "the social and economic background of merchant capital international flow", mainly discusses various objective factors that promote merchant capital flow. In the course of the disintegration of feudal system in Western Europe and the emergence and growth of capitalist relations of production, merchant capitalism gained a favorable development environment, such as Wang Quan's support for it and the implementation of a mercantilist policy. Protect the interests of merchant capitalism at home and abroad. However, there are also some unfavorable factors restricting the development of merchant capitalism, especially the "precious metal shortage" in Western Europe in the late Middle Ages, that is, the shortage of gold and silver currency, the supply of which is far less than the demand. Because of the imbalance in economic development, the emerging nation-states in Western Europe often have poor financial resources, while developed regions such as Italy and South Germany have seen a relative surplus of merchant capital. The former are necessary and likely to borrow from the latter on a regular basis, creating international demand for capital flows. The second chapter, "the active factors of merchant capital moving towards international flow", focuses on the subjective factors of merchant capital moving towards international flow, and thinks that there are three aspects: first, the characteristic of merchant capital is to gain profits and earn more gold and silver currency. It is easy to achieve this goal in the money center market, so the money center market has a strong attraction to the merchant capital in different periods. Second, where the merchant capital for the purpose of chasing profits is the most likely to make profit, even if it wants to change its original function, it will also rush to where it will set off a speculative frenzy there, especially those large businessmen 'capital. Third, small and medium-sized businessmen with limited energy have lower expectations of profits than those of large businessmen, so wherever there is profit, they will strive for it. In the business space left by large merchant capital keen on financial speculation, the emerging small and medium merchant capital will take the initiative to fill in. For example, in the late 16th century, the Mediterranean is still a high commercial profit area, thus there are a large number of
【學(xué)位授予單位】：武漢大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2005
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：K560.3

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 王軍;16-18世紀(jì)英國(guó)特許公司研究[D];東北師范大學(xué);2011年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前2條

1 宋家臣;意大利商人與英國(guó)[D];天津師范大學(xué);2007年

2 郭麗敏;轉(zhuǎn)型時(shí)期英國(guó)商人社會(huì)地位研究[D];哈爾濱師范大學(xué);2012年

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本文編號(hào)：2220639