【摘要】： 上世紀(jì)六七十年代婦女史興起之時(shí),正逢新社會(huì)史在美國空前發(fā)展。新社會(huì)史強(qiáng)調(diào)研究普通人的生活經(jīng)歷,尤其強(qiáng)調(diào)從普通民眾的角度出發(fā),研究他們的歷史。新社會(huì)史的介入對(duì)婦女史的研究方向產(chǎn)生了重大影響,婦女史的研究對(duì)象開始由上層?jì)D女轉(zhuǎn)向下層?jì)D女,研究范圍也由婦女參政運(yùn)動(dòng)史擴(kuò)展到婦女的日常生活、婚姻家庭和思想意識(shí)等更為廣闊的領(lǐng)域。本文從歷史學(xué)、婦女學(xué)、社會(huì)學(xué)的視角,試圖通過對(duì)北美殖民地時(shí)期白人婦女的生活狀況考察,對(duì)殖民地時(shí)期白人婦女的地位提出自己的見解并作簡(jiǎn)要分析。本文內(nèi)容分為五個(gè)部分: 第一部分為背景介紹。簡(jiǎn)要介紹殖民地時(shí)期白人婦女的來源以及關(guān)于白人婦女地位的兩種爭(zhēng)論。白人婦女有的是跟隨家人移民新大陸;有的是被美妙的宣傳所蠱惑,自愿前來尋求“美好的生活”;還有的是作為契約奴遷入。關(guān)于北美殖民地時(shí)期白人婦女的地位問題,在美國的史學(xué)界有兩種觀點(diǎn)——“黃金時(shí)代”論和“神話”論。 第二部分為女孩的生活考察。女孩對(duì)父母的順從與謙恭是殖民地時(shí)期所特有的現(xiàn)象;許多孤兒女孩淪為契約奴,在主人的呵斥和無休止的勞作中艱難存活;讓女孩接受教育的目的是培養(yǎng)更多虔誠的教徒和更合格的賢妻良母。 第三部分為成年婦女的生活考察。婚姻的締結(jié)是以生存需求為基礎(chǔ)的,丈夫是一家之主,妻子是丈夫的附庸,失去了獨(dú)立的人格和眾多的權(quán)利;生育在當(dāng)時(shí)是一種痛苦而可怕的經(jīng)歷;獨(dú)身婦女受到世人的嘲笑,但在法律上卻享有除了投票權(quán)以外的、幾乎與成年男子同等的權(quán)利;婦女主要的生活范圍仍然囿于家庭之中,但是許多女性已開始涉足于眾多男人所從事的行業(yè)中;婦女在宗教上同樣處于從屬男人的地位,但是涌現(xiàn)了一批為爭(zhēng)取宗教平等地位而斗爭(zhēng)的先驅(qū)者;許多婦女不滿于政治上的無權(quán)地位,積極行動(dòng)起來,參與公共事務(wù),并且用自己的聰明才智博得了聲譽(yù)和贊揚(yáng)。 第四部分為老年婦女的生活與喪葬習(xí)俗的考察。老年婦女普遍受到世人的尊敬和愛戴,是殖民地時(shí)代的典型特征;宗教信仰的不同使得喪葬習(xí)俗也各有不同。 第五部分為結(jié)論。通過對(duì)不同年齡段的婦女生活狀況的考察,本文的結(jié)論為:白人婦女的地位比同時(shí)代的歐洲婦女的地位有了很大程度的提高,但是與男人的地位卻相差甚遠(yuǎn)。造成白人婦女地位低于男子地位的原因主要有歧視婦女的舊傳統(tǒng)、私有制的社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)及婦女教育的落后。造成白人婦女地位高于同時(shí)代的歐洲婦女地位的因素主要有殖民地的客觀條件、殖民地時(shí)期的法律以及殖民地時(shí)期人們普遍存在的追求自由、平等的精神。
[Abstract]:The rise of women's history in the 1960s and 1970s coincided with the unprecedented development of new social history in the United States. New social history emphasized the study of the life experiences of ordinary people, especially their history from the perspective of ordinary people. From the perspective of history, feminism and sociology, this paper attempts to investigate the living conditions of white women in the colonial period of North America and to explore the white women in the colonial period. The position of human women is put forward and analyzed briefly. The content of this article is divided into five parts.
The first part gives a brief introduction to the origins of white women in the colonial period and the two debates about the status of white women. There are two opinions on the status of white women in the period of the Republic of China in American historians - "Golden Age" and "Myth".
The second part is a survey of girls'lives.Girls' obedience and humility to their parents were unique phenomena in the colonial period.Many orphans and girls became indentured slaves and struggled to survive under the scolding of their masters and endless labor.The purpose of educating girls was to train more devout believers and qualified wives and mothers.
The third part is the investigation of the life of adult women.Marriage is based on the need for survival.The husband is the head of the family and the wife is the husband's vassal.She lost her independent personality and numerous rights.Birth was a painful and terrible experience at the time.Single women were ridiculed by the world,but legally enjoyed the right to vote in addition to voting. Women's main sphere of life is still confined to the family, but many women have begun to dabble in the professions in which many men are engaged; women are also subordinate to men in religion, but a number of pioneers have emerged to fight for religious equality; Many women, dissatisfied with their political powerlessness, took an active part in public affairs and earned fame and praise for their intelligence.
The fourth part is the investigation of the life and funeral customs of the elderly women, who are generally respected and loved by the world and are typical features of the colonial era.
The fifth part is the conclusion. By investigating the living conditions of women of different ages, the conclusion is that the status of white women is much higher than that of contemporary European women, but it is far from that of men. Tradition, social economy of private ownership and backwardness of women's education. The main factors that caused the status of white women to be higher than that of contemporary European women were colonial objective conditions, colonial laws and the spirit of freedom and equality prevailing in colonial times.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2008
【分類號(hào)】：K712

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 洪君;美國獨(dú)立戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)對(duì)婦女生活的影響[J];安徽教育學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào);2005年05期

2 余曉燕;;試論美國獨(dú)立革命對(duì)婦女的影響[J];淮北煤炭師范學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào)(哲學(xué)社會(huì)科學(xué)版);2005年04期

3 陸丹尼;論北美殖民地時(shí)期婦女的地位[J];世界歷史;1991年02期

4 胡玉坤;婦女地位·女性意識(shí)·婦女觀——關(guān)于婦女與美國獨(dú)立前后社會(huì)變遷的探討[J];世界歷史;1991年04期

5 萬松玉 ,張倩紅;試論北美殖民地時(shí)期的婦女[J];河南大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(社會(huì)科學(xué)版);1992年01期

6 歐陽曉明;長(zhǎng)期被湮沒的“半邊天”──英屬北美殖民地時(shí)期的婦女[J];九江師專學(xué)報(bào);1995年02期

7 江西美國史研究中心學(xué)生研究小組;美國殖民時(shí)期的婦女[J];九江師專學(xué)報(bào);1995年02期

8 王赳;論北美殖民地時(shí)期婦女的歷史作用[J];麗水師專學(xué)報(bào);1995年03期

9 何黎萍;安妮·哈欽森和她的女權(quán)意識(shí)[J];四川大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(哲學(xué)社會(huì)科學(xué)版);2005年06期

10 李雅冬;戰(zhàn)火中的“玫瑰”——從獨(dú)立戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)和內(nèi)戰(zhàn)看美國婦女[J];首都師范大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(社會(huì)科學(xué)版);2004年S1期

，

本文編號(hào)：2212292