柏林城市軌道交通發(fā)展研究（1897-1929）
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-17 08:32
【摘要】： 從1897年西門子哈爾斯克與德意志銀行共同斥資建立高鐵公司,正式開啟柏林地區(qū)的城市軌道建設(shè)與運營；到1929年柏林交通股份公司(BVG)成立,柏林的城市軌道交通與其它兩大交通系統(tǒng)(有軌電車、公共汽車)一同構(gòu)成面向大眾的通達城市公共交通體系,盡管期間經(jīng)歷了一戰(zhàn)的停頓及戰(zhàn)后的再起步,這一時期(1897-1929)依然是柏林城市軌道交通首輪,同時也是柏林城市交通歷史上最為蓬勃的大發(fā)展時期,期間城市軌道交通線網(wǎng)的增加與擴展甚至奠定了今日柏林城市軌道網(wǎng)絡(luò)的半壁江山。 更為重要的是,這一時期的柏林城市軌道交通經(jīng)歷了從帝國時代的私人經(jīng)濟產(chǎn)物起步,到私人與地方資本并存,并在魏瑪共和國時期為柏林市政當局所有從而奠定“公共產(chǎn)品”屬性的徹底轉(zhuǎn)型之路。由于新興的城市軌道交通對工業(yè)化城市城市空間結(jié)構(gòu)的巨大沖擊,及相互間的緊密互動作用,因此無可避免地會與地方政府(亦即城市)政策導向發(fā)生密切的關(guān)聯(lián)。因此,軌道交通的這一公共轉(zhuǎn)向并非單純地從“精英”走向“大眾”,而是從地方政治層面真切地反映出從19世紀晚期至20世紀20年代德國所開始經(jīng)歷從康德、費希特及洪堡理想中的自由主義的開放社會向社會民主主義的“福利社會”轉(zhuǎn)變的過程。 本文嘗試梳理出柏林城市軌道交通在19世紀末20世紀初的發(fā)展脈絡(luò),并在此基礎(chǔ)上分別論述帝國與共和國兩個不同時代中私人交通企業(yè)與地方政府在軌道交通領(lǐng)域不同作為,借以一窺德國城市社會的重大變革。
[Abstract]:From 1897, when Siemens Halsk and Deutsche Bank jointly invested in the establishment of high-speed railway company to officially open the construction and operation of urban track in Berlin area, until 1929, the Berlin Communications Stock Company (BVG) was established. Berlin's urban rail transit, along with the other two major transport systems (trams, buses), constitutes a mass transit system for the public, despite the pause in the first World War and the re-emergence of the post-war period. This period (1897-1929) is still the first round of urban rail transit in Berlin, and it is also the most vigorous period of great development in the history of Berlin urban transportation. During this period, the increase and expansion of urban rail transit network even laid a half of Berlin urban rail network. More importantly, this period of Berlin urban rail transit experienced from the beginning of the imperial era of private economic products to the coexistence of private and local capital. And in the Weimar Republic period for the Berlin municipal authorities to establish the "public goods" attributes of a thorough transformation. Due to the huge impact of the new urban rail transit on the spatial structure of the industrialized city and the close interaction between them, it is inevitable that there is a close relationship between the new urban rail transit and the policy direction of the local government (that is, the city). Therefore, the public turn of rail transit is not simply from the "elite" to "the masses", but from the local political level reflects the German experience from the late 19th century to the 1920s from Kant. Fichte and Humboldt's ideal transition from liberal open society to social democratic welfare society. This paper attempts to sort out the development of Berlin urban rail transit in the late 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, and on this basis respectively discusses the private transport enterprises and local governments in the field of rail transit in the two different times of the Empire and the Republic. A glimpse of the great changes in German urban society.
【學位授予單位】：華東師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：K516
[Abstract]:From 1897, when Siemens Halsk and Deutsche Bank jointly invested in the establishment of high-speed railway company to officially open the construction and operation of urban track in Berlin area, until 1929, the Berlin Communications Stock Company (BVG) was established. Berlin's urban rail transit, along with the other two major transport systems (trams, buses), constitutes a mass transit system for the public, despite the pause in the first World War and the re-emergence of the post-war period. This period (1897-1929) is still the first round of urban rail transit in Berlin, and it is also the most vigorous period of great development in the history of Berlin urban transportation. During this period, the increase and expansion of urban rail transit network even laid a half of Berlin urban rail network. More importantly, this period of Berlin urban rail transit experienced from the beginning of the imperial era of private economic products to the coexistence of private and local capital. And in the Weimar Republic period for the Berlin municipal authorities to establish the "public goods" attributes of a thorough transformation. Due to the huge impact of the new urban rail transit on the spatial structure of the industrialized city and the close interaction between them, it is inevitable that there is a close relationship between the new urban rail transit and the policy direction of the local government (that is, the city). Therefore, the public turn of rail transit is not simply from the "elite" to "the masses", but from the local political level reflects the German experience from the late 19th century to the 1920s from Kant. Fichte and Humboldt's ideal transition from liberal open society to social democratic welfare society. This paper attempts to sort out the development of Berlin urban rail transit in the late 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, and on this basis respectively discusses the private transport enterprises and local governments in the field of rail transit in the two different times of the Empire and the Republic. A glimpse of the great changes in German urban society.
【學位授予單位】：華東師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：K516
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