里根政府對蘇政策轉(zhuǎn)變原因探析
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-14 14:22
【摘要】：1984年羅納德·里根成功連任美國總統(tǒng)。里根政府第一任內(nèi)對蘇政策強硬,同蘇聯(lián)張開瘋狂的軍備競賽。第二任內(nèi)卻改變了前期政策,對蘇政策趨向緩和。影響里根政府對蘇政策轉(zhuǎn)變的原因眾多并且零碎,考察這個問題應(yīng)該從美國國內(nèi)、蘇聯(lián)和國際局勢三個方面具體分析。全文分為導(dǎo)言和五個部分,其中第二部分、第三部分、第四部分、第五部分是文章的主要部分,第二部分和第五部分是關(guān)鍵。文章的開頭是導(dǎo)言部分。第一部分簡述了里根政府對蘇政策轉(zhuǎn)變的背景及其過程,主要從冷戰(zhàn)大環(huán)境、里根上臺初美國面臨的的國內(nèi)外狀況兩個方面來分析,政策轉(zhuǎn)變是從里根政府執(zhí)政前后期兩個階段分別敘述。第二部分是從美國國內(nèi)因素分析里根對蘇政策轉(zhuǎn)變原因,主要從經(jīng)濟因素、政治因素以及文化因素三個方面分析。第三部分是從蘇聯(lián)方面分析。主要從戈爾巴喬夫改革、戈爾巴喬夫?qū)γ劳饨煌讌f(xié)兩個方面來分析原因。第四部分從國際局勢層面分析原因。主要是從中美關(guān)系緩和、資本主義陣營中日歐崛起、第三世界國家在世界政治中地位的提高和世界輿論對美蘇的壓力等方面去分析這個問題。第五部分總結(jié)了文章中提及的在里根政府對蘇政策轉(zhuǎn)變原因中的各種因素,從國家利益和外交政策層面對諸因素進行總結(jié)和提升。最后一部分是結(jié)語。本文選取里根政府對蘇政策轉(zhuǎn)變中的原因為研究對象,力求揭示影響這一政策轉(zhuǎn)變的各種因素,認識各種因素所起的不同作用。在政策轉(zhuǎn)變的過程中,作為內(nèi)因的美國國內(nèi)因素是關(guān)鍵性的,其中國內(nèi)經(jīng)濟因素是根本原因,政治因素是直接原因,而文化因素起著深遠和潛移默化的作用。與此同時,蘇聯(lián)因素和國際因素這些外在因素也不容忽視。這些因素的重要性不同,但在整個政策轉(zhuǎn)變過程中缺一不可、構(gòu)成一個整體,最后本文把這些因素統(tǒng)一于美國的國家利益,并探討國家利益是如何作用于里根政府對蘇政策轉(zhuǎn)變的。對這些因素的分析,有助于加深對美國外交政策和影響國際關(guān)系因素的認識,加深對冷戰(zhàn)的理解,更好地認識當代中美關(guān)系發(fā)展態(tài)勢。
[Abstract]:Ronald Reagan was re-elected as President of the United States in 1984. The Reagan administration was tough on the Soviet Union during its first term, opening up a frantic arms race with the Soviet Union. During the second term of office, however, the previous policy was changed, and the policy towards the Soviet Union tended to ease. The reasons for the change of Reagan administration's policy toward Soviet Union are numerous and piecemeal. This problem should be analyzed from three aspects: the United States, the Soviet Union and the international situation. The full text is divided into the introduction and five parts, the second part, the third part, the fourth part, the fifth part is the main part of the article, the second part and the fifth part are the key. The article begins with an introduction. The first part briefly describes the background and process of the change of Reagan administration's policy toward the Soviet Union, mainly from two aspects: the Cold War environment and the domestic and foreign situation facing the United States in the early days of Reagan's coming to power. The policy change is described separately from the two stages of the Reagan administration before and after the administration. The second part is to analyze the reason of Reagan's policy change to Soviet Union from American internal factors, mainly from three aspects: economic factor, political factor and cultural factor. The third part is from the Soviet Union. Mainly from the Gorbachev reform, Gorbachev to the U. S. diplomatic compromise two aspects to analyze the reasons. The fourth part analyzes the reasons from the level of international situation. It is mainly about the relaxation of Sino-US relations, the rise of China, Japan and Europe in the capitalist camp, the improvement of the status of the third world countries in world politics and the pressure of world public opinion on the United States and the Soviet Union. The fifth part summarizes the factors mentioned in the article in the transformation of Reagan Administration's policy toward Soviet Union, and summarizes and promotes them from the aspects of national interest and foreign policy. The last part is the conclusion. In this paper, the reasons of Reagan Administration's policy transformation on Soviet Union are chosen as the research object, and the author tries to reveal the various factors that influence the policy change, and to understand the different functions of various factors. In the process of policy change, the internal factor is the key factor, among which the domestic economic factor is the fundamental cause, the political factor is the direct reason, and the cultural factor plays a profound and subtle role. At the same time, the Soviet Union and international factors such as external factors can not be ignored. These factors are different in importance, but they are indispensable in the whole process of policy transformation, forming a whole. Finally, this paper unifies these factors in the national interest of the United States. It also discusses how the national interest acted on the transformation of Reagan administration's policy toward the Soviet Union. The analysis of these factors will help to deepen the understanding of American foreign policy and the factors influencing international relations, deepen the understanding of the Cold War, and better understand the development trend of contemporary Sino-US relations.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：K153
本文編號：2183136
[Abstract]:Ronald Reagan was re-elected as President of the United States in 1984. The Reagan administration was tough on the Soviet Union during its first term, opening up a frantic arms race with the Soviet Union. During the second term of office, however, the previous policy was changed, and the policy towards the Soviet Union tended to ease. The reasons for the change of Reagan administration's policy toward Soviet Union are numerous and piecemeal. This problem should be analyzed from three aspects: the United States, the Soviet Union and the international situation. The full text is divided into the introduction and five parts, the second part, the third part, the fourth part, the fifth part is the main part of the article, the second part and the fifth part are the key. The article begins with an introduction. The first part briefly describes the background and process of the change of Reagan administration's policy toward the Soviet Union, mainly from two aspects: the Cold War environment and the domestic and foreign situation facing the United States in the early days of Reagan's coming to power. The policy change is described separately from the two stages of the Reagan administration before and after the administration. The second part is to analyze the reason of Reagan's policy change to Soviet Union from American internal factors, mainly from three aspects: economic factor, political factor and cultural factor. The third part is from the Soviet Union. Mainly from the Gorbachev reform, Gorbachev to the U. S. diplomatic compromise two aspects to analyze the reasons. The fourth part analyzes the reasons from the level of international situation. It is mainly about the relaxation of Sino-US relations, the rise of China, Japan and Europe in the capitalist camp, the improvement of the status of the third world countries in world politics and the pressure of world public opinion on the United States and the Soviet Union. The fifth part summarizes the factors mentioned in the article in the transformation of Reagan Administration's policy toward Soviet Union, and summarizes and promotes them from the aspects of national interest and foreign policy. The last part is the conclusion. In this paper, the reasons of Reagan Administration's policy transformation on Soviet Union are chosen as the research object, and the author tries to reveal the various factors that influence the policy change, and to understand the different functions of various factors. In the process of policy change, the internal factor is the key factor, among which the domestic economic factor is the fundamental cause, the political factor is the direct reason, and the cultural factor plays a profound and subtle role. At the same time, the Soviet Union and international factors such as external factors can not be ignored. These factors are different in importance, but they are indispensable in the whole process of policy transformation, forming a whole. Finally, this paper unifies these factors in the national interest of the United States. It also discusses how the national interest acted on the transformation of Reagan administration's policy toward the Soviet Union. The analysis of these factors will help to deepen the understanding of American foreign policy and the factors influencing international relations, deepen the understanding of the Cold War, and better understand the development trend of contemporary Sino-US relations.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：K153
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