埃及與沙特在阿拉伯世界的競爭與沖突（1952-1970）
發(fā)布時間：2018-08-11 15:43
【摘要】：20世紀50-70年代，阿拉伯世界掀起了民族民主運動的高潮。1952年，，埃及自由軍官組織在納賽爾的領導下發(fā)動了七月革命政變，趕走了英法殖民者，廢黜了國王，建立了共和國。納賽爾也一躍成為阿拉伯世界的英雄。在埃及的影響下，阿拉伯地區(qū)各個國家紛紛發(fā)動革命取得了獨立。納賽爾在阿拉伯民族主義的旗幟下呼吁建立統(tǒng)一的阿拉伯國家，以謀求埃及在阿拉伯世界的盟主地位。 沙特作為阿拉伯世界典型的以伊斯蘭教立國的君主制國家對埃及的做法自然不滿。隨著20世際50-70年代沙特石油的進一步開采，沙特經(jīng)濟實力大增，沙特開始與埃及爭奪阿拉伯地區(qū)的領導權。兩國在這段時期內(nèi)陷入了競爭與沖突的狀態(tài)。 埃沙兩國的競爭與沖突具體表現(xiàn)為：政治制度上，埃及的共和制政體和沙特的君主制政體之間矛盾重重；經(jīng)濟上，埃及的計劃經(jīng)濟模式與沙特以石油為依托的出口導向性模式之間分歧嚴重；意識形態(tài)的上，埃及的阿拉伯民族主義思想與沙特的泛伊斯蘭主義思想沖突強烈。究其根本原因兩國都是為了維護各自的國家利益，最終目的是為了謀求阿拉伯世界的領導權。 作為在中東具有舉足輕重地位的兩個大國，埃及和沙特的關系對阿拉伯世界產(chǎn)生了極大的影響。阿拉伯地區(qū)的兄弟國家自覺或不自覺地被分為以埃及為首的新獨立的世俗化的共和制國家和以沙特為首的傳統(tǒng)伊斯蘭教的君主制國家兩大陣營。這不僅在一定程度破壞了阿拉伯世界內(nèi)部的團結(jié)，造成了阿拉伯世界的動蕩與分裂，同時也為美蘇對中東地區(qū)的勢力滲透提供了良好的機會，埃及和沙特分別加入東西方兩大不同陣營，美蘇兩國因此加強了了對阿拉伯世界的控制。 埃及和沙特的矛盾癥結(jié)在于兩國的地區(qū)大國夢。兩國為了追求各自的國家利益而罔顧他國意志，這使得阿拉伯世界長期處于分裂與動亂之中，最終導致第三次中東戰(zhàn)爭阿拉伯國家的慘敗。事實證明，只有在相互尊重的基礎上共同合作才是對國家利益最好的保障，否則只會對自身利益造成傷害。 隨著1970年納賽爾的去世，阿拉伯民族主義思想在阿拉伯世界逐步衰落，伊斯蘭教開始復興。薩達特上臺后不再宣揚阿拉伯國家的統(tǒng)一，埃及和沙特之間的矛盾開始減弱，埃沙關系逐步緩和。
[Abstract]:In the 1950s and 1970s, the Arab world set off the climax of the national democratic movement. In 1952, under Nasser's leadership, the Egyptian Free officers Organization launched a revolutionary coup in July, ousting the British and French colonists, dethroning the king and establishing a republic. Nasser also leapt into a hero in the Arab world. Under the influence of Egypt, various countries in the Arab region launched revolution and gained independence. Under the banner of Arab nationalism, Nasser called for the establishment of a unified Arab state in order to seek Egypt's supremacy in the Arab world. Saudi Arabia, a typical Islamic monarchy in the Arab world, is naturally dissatisfied with Egypt's practices. With the further exploitation of Saudi oil in the 1950s and 1970s, Saudi Arabia's economic power grew, and the Saudis began to compete with Egypt for leadership in the Arab region. The two countries fell into a state of competition and conflict during this period. The rivalry and conflict between Egypt and Saudi Arabia are manifested in the following aspects: the political system, the conflict between Egypt's republic and Saudi monarchy; and the economy, There are serious differences between the planned economy mode of Egypt and the export-oriented mode of Saudi Arabia based on oil, and ideologically, there is a strong conflict between the Arab nationalism thought of Egypt and the pan-Islamism thought of Saudi Arabia. The root cause is for both countries to defend their national interests and ultimately to seek leadership in the Arab world. As two major powers in the Middle East, the relationship between Egypt and Saudi Arabia has had a great impact on the Arab world. The fraternal countries in the Arab region are divided into two camps, namely, the newly independent secular republic led by Egypt and the traditional Islamic monarchy led by Saudi Arabia. This not only undermined the unity within the Arab world to a certain extent, caused instability and division in the Arab world, but also provided a good opportunity for the United States and the Soviet Union to infiltrate forces in the Middle East. Egypt and Saudi Arabia joined the East and West, and the United States and the Soviet Union strengthened their grip on the Arab world. The crux of the contradiction between Egypt and Saudi Arabia lies in the dream of regional power. In pursuit of their own national interests, the two countries ignored the will of other countries, which caused the Arab world to be divided and troubled for a long time, and finally led to the defeat of the Arab countries in the third Middle East War. It has proved that cooperation on the basis of mutual respect is the best safeguard for national interests, otherwise it will only harm their own interests. With the death of Nasser in 1970, Arab nationalism declined in the Arab world and Islam began to revive. After Sadat came to power, he no longer preached the unity of Arab countries, the contradiction between Egypt and Saudi Arabia began to weaken, and the relations between Egypt and Saudi Arabia gradually eased.
【學位授予單位】：河北師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：K411.5;K384.52
本文編號：2177436
[Abstract]:In the 1950s and 1970s, the Arab world set off the climax of the national democratic movement. In 1952, under Nasser's leadership, the Egyptian Free officers Organization launched a revolutionary coup in July, ousting the British and French colonists, dethroning the king and establishing a republic. Nasser also leapt into a hero in the Arab world. Under the influence of Egypt, various countries in the Arab region launched revolution and gained independence. Under the banner of Arab nationalism, Nasser called for the establishment of a unified Arab state in order to seek Egypt's supremacy in the Arab world. Saudi Arabia, a typical Islamic monarchy in the Arab world, is naturally dissatisfied with Egypt's practices. With the further exploitation of Saudi oil in the 1950s and 1970s, Saudi Arabia's economic power grew, and the Saudis began to compete with Egypt for leadership in the Arab region. The two countries fell into a state of competition and conflict during this period. The rivalry and conflict between Egypt and Saudi Arabia are manifested in the following aspects: the political system, the conflict between Egypt's republic and Saudi monarchy; and the economy, There are serious differences between the planned economy mode of Egypt and the export-oriented mode of Saudi Arabia based on oil, and ideologically, there is a strong conflict between the Arab nationalism thought of Egypt and the pan-Islamism thought of Saudi Arabia. The root cause is for both countries to defend their national interests and ultimately to seek leadership in the Arab world. As two major powers in the Middle East, the relationship between Egypt and Saudi Arabia has had a great impact on the Arab world. The fraternal countries in the Arab region are divided into two camps, namely, the newly independent secular republic led by Egypt and the traditional Islamic monarchy led by Saudi Arabia. This not only undermined the unity within the Arab world to a certain extent, caused instability and division in the Arab world, but also provided a good opportunity for the United States and the Soviet Union to infiltrate forces in the Middle East. Egypt and Saudi Arabia joined the East and West, and the United States and the Soviet Union strengthened their grip on the Arab world. The crux of the contradiction between Egypt and Saudi Arabia lies in the dream of regional power. In pursuit of their own national interests, the two countries ignored the will of other countries, which caused the Arab world to be divided and troubled for a long time, and finally led to the defeat of the Arab countries in the third Middle East War. It has proved that cooperation on the basis of mutual respect is the best safeguard for national interests, otherwise it will only harm their own interests. With the death of Nasser in 1970, Arab nationalism declined in the Arab world and Islam began to revive. After Sadat came to power, he no longer preached the unity of Arab countries, the contradiction between Egypt and Saudi Arabia began to weaken, and the relations between Egypt and Saudi Arabia gradually eased.
【學位授予單位】：河北師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：K411.5;K384.52
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