本文選題：奧斯曼帝國 + 基督教　； 參考：《西北大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：在中東歷史上,奧斯曼帝國是一個多元族群的集合體,族群矛盾和族群利益交纏,關(guān)系非常復(fù)雜。目前中東的許多問題都與此息息相關(guān)。在帝國歷史上,基督教少數(shù)族群是最為活躍,也是問題最多的一個少數(shù)族群,并在帝國的發(fā)展中產(chǎn)生了比較大的作用。 本文緊密圍繞奧斯曼帝國基督教少數(shù)族群這一核心概念,從縱、橫兩條線展開論述,并選取基督教少數(shù)族群在帝國發(fā)展中的重要作用進(jìn)行重點(diǎn)論述。從歷史發(fā)展的縱向來看,奧斯曼帝國的基督教少數(shù)族群在帝國中的地位經(jīng)歷了從低到高的發(fā)展過程。這種轉(zhuǎn)變發(fā)生在西方勢力滲入帝國之時,具體來講就是從簽訂第一份特惠條例開始。這種變化與猶太人從高到低的發(fā)展歷程形成比較鮮明的對比。從橫向來看,在內(nèi)部管理方面,基督教少數(shù)族群在帝國的“寬容政策”之下,通過米列特、塔伊法享有素丹治下較大的自治權(quán)。他們與其他族群形成一種既合作又對立的復(fù)雜關(guān)系。西方因素是影響基督教少數(shù)族群最為重要的因素,特惠條例、保護(hù)權(quán)和圣地問題是這種影響發(fā)揮作用的三大杠桿�；浇躺贁�(shù)族群在帝國經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治和文化發(fā)展方面起過比較重要的作用。 通過縱、橫兩條線,有重點(diǎn),多角度的綜合分析,本文對奧斯曼帝國的族群政策及基督教少數(shù)族群形成了以下幾點(diǎn)認(rèn)識：奧斯曼帝國對基督教少數(shù)族群實(shí)行的米列特、塔伊法等政策取得了不錯的成效,值得贊許；西方影響是帝國基督教少數(shù)族群地位提高的一個因素,同時也是他們發(fā)展過程中的一大障礙；族群認(rèn)同向民族認(rèn)同的轉(zhuǎn)變是導(dǎo)致帝國內(nèi)基督教少數(shù)族群尋求獨(dú)立的重要原因；在對外交往時,保持政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)上的獨(dú)立很重要。
[Abstract]:In the history of the Middle East, the Ottoman Empire was a collection of multiple ethnic groups. Many of the current problems in the Middle East are closely related to this. In the history of the Empire, the Christian minority was the most active and the most problematic minority, and played an important role in the development of the empire. This paper focuses on the core concept of the Christian minority group in the Ottoman Empire from the vertical and horizontal lines, and focuses on the important role of the Christian minority in the development of the Empire. From the perspective of historical development, the status of the Christian minority group in the Ottoman Empire has gone through a process from low to high. This shift took place when Western powers infiltrated the Empire, specifically by signing the first preferential Act. This kind of change and Jewish development course from high to low form quite sharp contrast. Horizontally, in the aspect of internal management, the Christian minority group under the imperial "tolerance policy", through Millett, Taifa enjoys greater autonomy under Sudanrule. They form a complex relationship of cooperation and opposition with other ethnic groups. Western factors are the most important factors affecting the Christian minority. Preferential regulations, the right to protect and the Holy Land are the three levers to play a role in this influence. Christian minorities have played an important role in the economic, political and cultural development of the Empire. Through the comprehensive analysis of longitudinal and horizontal lines with emphasis and multiple angles, this paper has formed the following understanding of the ethnic policy of the Ottoman Empire and the Christian minority communities: the Ottoman Empire's implementation of Millett on the Christian minority, Taifa and other policies have achieved good results and deserve praise. Western influence is not only a factor to improve the status of the Christian minority group in the empire, but also a major obstacle to their development. The transformation from ethnic identity to national identity is an important reason for the Christian minority ethnic groups in the empire to seek independence, and it is very important to maintain political and economic independence in foreign relations.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：K374.3

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