本文選題：賠款問(wèn)題 + 德法關(guān)系��； 參考：《華中師范大學(xué)》2009年碩士論文

【摘要】： 一戰(zhàn)后,歐洲國(guó)際關(guān)系格局發(fā)生了劇變,德法兩國(guó)力量對(duì)比也發(fā)生了新的變化,德國(guó)戰(zhàn)敗,法國(guó)再次成為歐陸霸主。在巴黎和會(huì)上,法國(guó)主張嚴(yán)厲制裁德國(guó),提出了肢解德國(guó)的計(jì)劃,由于遭到英美的反對(duì),只實(shí)現(xiàn)了其中的部分目標(biāo)。為了獲得進(jìn)一步的安全保障,法國(guó)將籌碼放在尚未解決的德國(guó)賠款問(wèn)題上。 極其復(fù)雜的賠款問(wèn)題是魯爾危機(jī)的導(dǎo)火線。戰(zhàn)后初期,德法之間是一種對(duì)抗性的關(guān)系,懸而未決的賠款問(wèn)題就成為兩國(guó)斗爭(zhēng)的焦點(diǎn)。法國(guó)力求獲取最大數(shù)額的賠款以制裁德國(guó)并用于戰(zhàn)后重建;德國(guó)利用英法的分歧,力圖修改《凡爾賽和約》,希望削減賠款總額,并以財(cái)政困難為由,要求延期償付賠款。德法兩國(guó)在賠款問(wèn)題上的矛盾不斷升級(jí),最終釀成了1923年的魯爾危機(jī),法比出兵占領(lǐng)了魯爾。 魯爾危機(jī)給兩國(guó)造成了嚴(yán)重的后果。德國(guó)采取“消極抵抗”政策,法國(guó)繼續(xù)實(shí)行強(qiáng)硬政策,德法對(duì)抗達(dá)到頂點(diǎn)。德國(guó)出現(xiàn)嚴(yán)重的政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)危機(jī),法國(guó)也出現(xiàn)嚴(yán)重的財(cái)政危機(jī),在國(guó)際社會(huì)日益陷入孤立,德法兩國(guó)開始重新審視兩國(guó)之間的關(guān)系,對(duì)抗無(wú)益于問(wèn)題的解決,只有和解才是出路。德國(guó)無(wú)法繼續(xù)承受消極抵抗導(dǎo)致的惡果,施特萊斯曼政府率先放棄了消極抵抗政策,結(jié)束了魯爾斗爭(zhēng)。在英美的強(qiáng)大壓力和國(guó)內(nèi)財(cái)政危機(jī)影響下,法國(guó)也接受了國(guó)際調(diào)解,接受了道威斯計(jì)劃。最終,德法兩國(guó)又重回談判桌,邁出了和解的步伐,在一定程度上,魯爾危機(jī)是兩國(guó)走向和解的起點(diǎn)。
[Abstract]:After World War I, the pattern of international relations in Europe changed dramatically, and the balance of power between Germany and France also changed. At the Paris Peace Conference, France advocated severe sanctions against Germany and proposed a plan to dismember Germany. In order to secure further security, France has placed its chips on the unresolved German indemnity issue. The extremely complex issue of reparations was the trigger of the Ruhr crisis. In the early postwar period, Germany and France had a confrontational relationship, and the outstanding issue of reparations became the focus of the struggle between the two countries. France sought maximum reparations to sanction Germany for post-war reconstruction; Germany took advantage of the differences between Britain and France to amend the Treaty of Versailles, hoping to cut the total amount of compensation and to demand a deferral on the grounds of financial difficulties. The conflict between Germany and France on the issue of reparations escalated and eventually led to the Ruhr crisis in 1923, France sent troops to occupy Ruhr. The Ruhr crisis had serious consequences for both countries. Germany adopted "passive resistance" policy, France continued to implement a tough policy, Germany-France confrontation reached its climax. Germany has a serious political, economic and social crisis, and France has a serious financial crisis. As the international community is increasingly isolated, Germany and France begin to re-examine the relations between the two countries, and confrontation is not conducive to the solution of the problem. Reconciliation is the only way out. Germany can not continue to bear the consequences of negative resistance, the Stellesman government abandoned the policy of passive resistance, the end of the Ruhr struggle. Under the strong pressure of Britain and the United States and the influence of the domestic financial crisis, France also accepted the international mediation and the Dawes plan. In the end, Germany and France returned to the negotiating table and took steps towards reconciliation. To some extent, the Ruhr crisis was the starting point for the two countries to reach reconciliation.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類號(hào)】：K516.43;K565.42

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