本文選題：黑人奴隸制問題 + 亞伯拉罕·林肯��； 參考：《山東師范大學(xué)》2009年碩士論文

【摘要】： 美國建立后,奴隸制問題殘存下來。隨著美國的不斷發(fā)展,奴隸制問題越來越成為影響美國統(tǒng)一與穩(wěn)定的重大問題。南方種植園奴隸主集團和北方資產(chǎn)階級勢力圍繞奴隸制是否應(yīng)該存在下去展開了一系列的斗爭。在19世紀50年代之前,南北雙方就奴隸制問題達成了一系列的妥協(xié),如密蘇里妥協(xié)案和1850年妥協(xié)案等等,以至于沒有因奴隸制問題而導(dǎo)致聯(lián)邦分裂。到19世紀50年代,由于奴隸制的不斷擴張,南北方勢力均衡的局面逐漸被打破,南北雙方的矛盾日漸激化,奴隸制問題是南北雙方發(fā)生矛盾的最關(guān)鍵因素,妥協(xié)方式再也無法讓矛盾雙方平靜下來,因奴隸制問題而生的辯論和斗爭明顯增多并且尖銳化,林肯與道格拉斯大辯論就是在這種背景下開始的。1858年秋季,林肯和道格拉斯在伊利諾伊州的七個地點就奴隸制問題進行了一場大辯論,這場大辯論的直接起因是林肯與道格拉斯參議員競選之爭。辯論過程中,林肯主張應(yīng)將奴隸制問題放在建國先賢原先放置它的地方——逐漸消亡的過程中,而道格拉斯則主張美國應(yīng)該保存半奴隸制、半自由的現(xiàn)有狀態(tài)。林肯與道格拉斯就當時南北方普遍關(guān)注的一系列政治事件進行了探討和交流,比如:密蘇里妥協(xié)案、1850年妥協(xié)案、堪薩斯—內(nèi)布拉斯加法案、德雷德·斯科特判決案等。此外,他們還就大辯論前兩人在不同的演說中所發(fā)表的觀點進行了再思考,比如林肯的皮奧里亞演說、林肯的“裂屋”演說和道格拉斯的芝加哥演說等。所有這些演說的內(nèi)容構(gòu)成兩人在大辯論時所持的主要觀點。林肯在大辯論所持的主要觀點是維護聯(lián)邦統(tǒng)一和民主,道格拉斯所持的主要觀點是“人民主權(quán)論”。因為辯論雙方所討論的是當時全國最關(guān)心的奴隸制問題,所以這場大辯論牽動著每個人的心,包括自由人和黑人奴隸。 毋庸置疑,林肯和道格拉斯都是美國歷史上最著名的演說家,他們在大辯論中的精彩演講為大辯論本身增色不少。更重要的是,辯論雙方所談及的主要問題是國家最重大的政治問題——奴隸制問題,國家對于奴隸制問題的不同解決方式將影響著國家的統(tǒng)一與分裂、發(fā)展與退步,這就使林肯道格拉斯大辯論成為美國歷史上最著名的辯論之一,既具有其政治意義,也具有其歷史意義。盡管最終道格拉斯競選參議員成功,但此次大辯論使林肯聲名遠播,由原來一個小有名氣的演說家變?yōu)榕e國聞名的政治人物,客觀上為林肯贏得1860年總統(tǒng)大選做了鋪墊。本文主要從大辯論的背景、過程、林肯與道格拉斯在大辯論時所持的主要觀點以及大辯論的影響等幾個方面進行研究,力求對美國歷史上這一重大歷史事件給予完整、透徹的分析。
[Abstract]:Slavery survived after the founding of the United States. With the continuous development of the United States, slavery has become an important issue affecting the unity and stability of the United States. South plantation slave owners and northern bourgeoisie forces over whether slavery should exist or not a series of struggles. Before the 1850s, the North and the South reached a series of compromises on slavery, such as the Missouri compromise and the 1850 compromise, so that the Union was not divided by slavery. By the 1850s, due to the continuous expansion of slavery, the balance of power between the North and the South was gradually broken, and the contradictions between the North and the South were increasingly intensified. The issue of slavery was the most critical factor in the conflict between the North and the South. The compromise could no longer calm the two sides of the conflict. The debate and struggle over slavery had increased and sharpened, and it was against that background that the Lincoln and Douglas debate began in the autumn of 1858. Lincoln and Douglas had a big debate on slavery in seven locations in Illinois, a debate that was the direct result of Lincoln's race for Senator Douglas. During the debate, Lincoln argued that slavery should be placed in the place where the founding fathers had laid it-dying out, while Douglas argued that the United States should preserve the present state of semi-slavery and semi-freedom. Lincoln and Douglas discussed and exchanged views on a series of political issues of general concern to the North and the South, such as the Missouri compromise, the 1850 compromise, the Kansas-Nebraska Act, the Dred Scott judgment, and so on. In addition, they reconsidered the views they had made in different speeches before the debate, such as Lincoln's Peoria speech, Lincoln's crack House speech and Douglas's Chicago speech. The contents of all these speeches formed the main point of view of the two men in the big debate. Lincoln's main point of view in the great debate was the preservation of federal unity and democracy, and Douglas's main view was "the theory of people's sovereignty." Because the debate was about slavery, which was of the greatest concern to the nation at the time, the debate touched the hearts of everyone, including free men and black slaves. There is no doubt that Lincoln and Douglas are among the most famous speakers in American history, and their excellent speeches in the Great debate add to the debate itself. More importantly, the main issue discussed by the two sides of the debate is the most important political issue of the country, slavery, the different ways in which the question of slavery is resolved by the State will affect the unity and division, development and retrogression of the country, This makes the Lincoln Douglas debate one of the most famous debates in American history, with both political and historical significance. Although Douglas eventually ran for the Senate, the debate made Lincoln famous, from a small orator to a national famous politician, which objectively paved the way for Lincoln's victory in the 1860 presidential election. In this paper, the background and process of the great debate, the main viewpoints held by Lincoln and Douglas in the great debate, and the influence of the great debate are studied in order to complete this important historical event in the history of the United States. A thorough analysis
【學(xué)位授予單位】：山東師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類號】：K712.4

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相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 劉文濤;論林肯反奴隸制思想的重要思想源頭[J];史學(xué)月刊;2001年04期

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本文編號：2080147