本文選題：土地財(cái)產(chǎn)權(quán)利 + 自耕農(nóng)　； 參考：《天津師范大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：本文旨在研究近代以來尤其是在19世紀(jì)英國(guó)土地財(cái)產(chǎn)權(quán)利的變化,兼論法國(guó)土地產(chǎn)權(quán)的情況,以求在比較中發(fā)現(xiàn)英國(guó)在現(xiàn)代化過程中土地權(quán)利及發(fā)展的趨勢(shì)和特點(diǎn)。 文章緒論簡(jiǎn)要概述了本文的選題意義、研究方法。并且通過介紹國(guó)內(nèi)外史學(xué)家對(duì)英法土地所有權(quán)、產(chǎn)權(quán)結(jié)構(gòu)、圈地運(yùn)動(dòng)、公用權(quán)等與本文相關(guān)的重點(diǎn)問題的學(xué)術(shù)史回顧,介紹了本文參考的部分文章及著作。 本文第一章回顧了17世紀(jì)末到18世紀(jì)中后期英法土地所有權(quán)及土地所有者的變化。不論英國(guó)還是法國(guó)在這一時(shí)期現(xiàn)代的土地所有權(quán)觀念在國(guó)家法律中并沒有真正得到確立,但是在實(shí)際生活中一部分土地卻已應(yīng)成為私有財(cái)產(chǎn)。在這一時(shí)期的英國(guó)大土地所有者通過改變土地經(jīng)營(yíng)方式逐步消除習(xí)慣佃農(nóng)使得土地財(cái)產(chǎn)權(quán)利進(jìn)一步向個(gè)人私有發(fā)展,而法國(guó)這一方面的發(fā)展卻步履維艱。 第二章是本文的重點(diǎn),解釋了在19世紀(jì)土地私有權(quán)利如何在英法確立。在英國(guó)公用權(quán)是土地成為私有財(cái)產(chǎn)的最后一道屏障。經(jīng)過圈地運(yùn)動(dòng)土地上的權(quán)利逐漸明晰,英國(guó)完成了土地的私有化過程。在法國(guó),大革命時(shí)期和拿破侖時(shí)期制定的一系列法律保護(hù)了土地所有者的私有財(cái)產(chǎn),首先以法律形式將土地私有確立了下來,但是在實(shí)際當(dāng)中部分土地上公用權(quán)仍然存在。 第三章討論土地財(cái)產(chǎn)權(quán)利主體,及土地所有者的變化。由于英法土地私有化過程和進(jìn)程的不同,兩國(guó)在土地所有者的變化上產(chǎn)生了不同的結(jié)果。英國(guó)在19世紀(jì)以大地產(chǎn)為特點(diǎn),大量土地為極少數(shù)所有者所有,而法國(guó)小土地所有者的數(shù)量依然十分巨大。 結(jié)語部分對(duì)文章進(jìn)行了概括。
[Abstract]:The purpose of this paper is to study the changes of land property rights in England since modern times, especially in the 19th century, and to discuss the situation of land property rights in France, in order to find out the trend and characteristics of land rights and their development in Britain in the process of modernization. The introduction briefly summarizes the significance and research methods of this paper. Through the introduction of the academic history of the key issues related to this article, such as land ownership, property structure, enclosure, public rights and so on, some articles and works referred to in this paper are introduced by the historians at home and abroad. The first chapter reviews the changes of land ownership and landowners in England and France from the end of the 17th century to the middle and late of the 18th century. The modern concept of land ownership in both England and France was not really established in national law, but in real life part of the land should have become private property. In this period, the landowners in England gradually eliminated the habit of sharecroppers by changing the way of land management, which led to the further development of land and property rights to private individuals, but the development of this aspect of France was difficult. The second chapter is the focus of this paper, explaining how private land rights were established in England and France in the 19 th century. In Britain, public ownership is the last barrier for land to become private property. Through the gradual clarification of the rights on the land of the enclosure movement, Britain completed the privatization of the land. In France, a series of laws made during the Revolution and Napoleon protected the private property of the landowners. First, the private ownership of the land was established by law, but in practice some public rights still existed on the land. The third chapter discusses the subject of land property right and the change of land owner. Because of the different processes and processes of land privatization in Britain and France, the two countries have different results in the change of landowners. Britain was characterised by large real estate in the 19th century, with a large amount of land owned by a very small number of owners, while the number of small French landowners remained enormous. The conclusion part summarizes the article.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：K561;K565;F301

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本文編號(hào)：2040684