本文選題：烏爾第三王朝 + 貢牲中心��； 參考：《東北師范大學》2010年碩士論文

【摘要】： 烏爾第三王朝第二任國王舒勒吉(?ulgi)在其統(tǒng)治的第三十八年建立了一個大型的貢牲中心—普茲瑞什達干司(é-Puzrish-Dagan),其遺址位于現(xiàn)代伊拉克的德萊海姆(Drehem)。此中心建立的原因是烏爾王權日益強大,各地向國王進貢的牲畜日益增多,王室和各地總督經(jīng)常向各種神明奉獻犧牲;同時,宮廷和其他王室官員以及士兵食用也需要大量的牲畜。上述種種,需要一個專門的機構來負責收支。普茲瑞什達干靠近供奉眾神之王恩利勒的尼普爾城和眾神之后寧利勒的圖馬勒廟區(qū),因此被選為中心的所在地。普茲瑞什達干司是古代兩河流域影響深遠的貢牲中心,在烏爾第三王朝的經(jīng)濟管理體系中占有十分重要地位。這里出土的文獻是研究古代兩河流域行政管理、農(nóng)業(yè)經(jīng)濟、宗教、外交等各方面歷史的重要史料。然而這些文件出土后流散到不同的收藏地并被零散地發(fā)表,從而使得國際學術界缺乏對貢牲中心的系統(tǒng)的和全貌性的了解。東北師范大學的“貢牲中心檔案重建工程”(“Drehem Project”)的目標正是重建貢牲中心散失的各個官員的檔案并給予基礎性的研究,為學術界研究這一時期的政治和經(jīng)濟提供必不可少的具有相當可信度的文獻資料。本文即為這一宏大工程的一部分。 本文試圖重建了烏爾第三王朝狗牧官員的工作檔案,包括德萊海姆地區(qū)的普茲瑞什達干司狗牧檔案100個和吉爾蘇城使者供給文獻93個。通過研究、分析本文收集到的普茲瑞什達干司狗牧文獻,我們可以清楚的將貢牲中心的狗牧文獻分為三個時期:第一個時期為舒勒吉時期:這一時期出現(xiàn)了一位重要的狗牧-伊隆巴尼(狗牧烏爾尼旮爾只出現(xiàn)過一次),這一時期狗牧文獻的顯著特點是,其內(nèi)容一部分是對烏爾城中的巫醫(yī)女神古拉神提供月供應以及對神廟內(nèi)的古拉女神寵物犬提供月供給,這類文獻占絕大部分。還有少部分文獻是記錄為狗提供食用的死驢或者淘汰活驢的。從而我們猜測舒勒吉時期貢牲中心的狗分為兩種:一種是從事宗教活動時使用,另一種是行軍打仗或狩獵用。第二個時期為阿馬爾辛—舒辛時期:這一時期的狗牧開始有了各自的統(tǒng)領,而但當統(tǒng)領職務的基本上是各城的將軍。每個將軍手下會有2到4個狗牧不等。到伊比辛時期,貢牲中心的經(jīng)濟文獻明顯減少,除了狗牧之外,還出現(xiàn)了一種叫“司狗尉”的職業(yè),我們猜測由于國勢頹廢,經(jīng)濟衰退,貢牲中心機構簡化,狗牧的職能漸漸淡化,所飼養(yǎng)的狗交由軍隊管治,所以出現(xiàn)了這一新職業(yè)。吉爾蘇城的信使文獻則主要是記錄了信使或使節(jié)在出差途中,人(書吏、狗牧、男勞力、阿摩利女人等)和畜(狗、驢)口糧(面餅、啤酒、大麥、羊腿)的供應情況。 本論文分前后兩部分:第一部分簡要介紹貢牲中心產(chǎn)生和意義,主要根據(jù)烏爾第三王朝各時期狗牧的工作經(jīng)歷及工作聯(lián)系人對其職責進行歸納分析;第二部分按照時間順序歸納整理排列烏爾第三王朝狗牧的原始文獻(吉爾蘇城文獻時間部分破損嚴重,無法整理),并進行基礎性的拉丁化及英文、中文翻譯。
[Abstract]:Uhl, the second king of the Uhl Third Dynasty, Shulgi (? Ulgi) established a large tribute Center - -Puzrish-Dagan in thirty-eighth years of his rule, and its site was located in the Delay Haim (Drehem) of modern Iraq. The center was founded on the growing power of Uhl's power and the livestock day to the king. At the same time, the Royal and local governors often sacrifice sacrifices to various gods; at the same time, the court and other royal officials and the soldiers needed a large number of animals. All of these needed a special institution to take charge of the income and expenditure. The Le Temple District, which is chosen as the center of the center, is a tribute center of the ancient two river basins, which occupies a very important position in the economic management system of the Third Dynasty. The documents unearthed here are important for the study of the ancient two river basin administration, the agriculture economy, the religion, the diplomacy and other aspects. Historical materials. However, these documents are unearthed and scattered to different collections and are published scattered, making the international academic community lack of a systematic and comprehensive understanding of the tribute center. The goal of the "Drehem Project" of the Northeast Normal University is to reconstruct the various officials of the tribute center. The archives and the basic research to provide the academic circles with the political and Economic Research of the period of the period to provide quite credible literature. This is part of this grand project.
This article attempts to reconstruct the work files of the Third Dynasty dog pastoral officials of the urs, including 100 dog pastoral files and 93 documents supplied by Gil Sucheng envoy in the Draheim area. Three periods: the first period was the Shulgi period: this period appeared an important dog Pastoral - Elon Barney (the dog herd, urni canal only once appeared). The remarkable feature of the dog pastoral literature during this period was that part of the content was to provide monthly supply of the goddess of witch goddess in the city of URL and the goddess of the ancient La in the temple. Pet dogs provide most of the month's supply. There are a few documents that have been recorded for a dead donkey to be eaten by a dog or a live donkey. Therefore, we guess that the dogs of the Shulgi period were divided into two kinds: one was used in religious activities, the other was a line of war or hunting. The second period was Amar. In the period of Simon schecin, the dog pasturing of the period began to have its own command, but when the general was dominated by the general of the cities, 2 to 4 Dog pasturing men would be different. As a result of the decadence, the economic recession, the simplification of the animal husbandry center, the function of the dog pasture gradually desalinated and the dog bred by the army, this new occupation appeared. The letter of Gil Sucheng's messenger is mainly a record of the messenger or the envoy on the trip, and the people (books, dog, male, Amori, etc.) and the mouth of the animal (dog, donkey). Supply of grain (pancakes, beer, barley, sheep leg).
This thesis is divided into two parts: the first part briefly introduces the origin and significance of the tribute center, mainly according to the work experience of the dog animal husbandry in the period of URL's third Wang Zhaoge period and the analysis of the responsibilities of the working contacts; the second part summarizes and collates the original literature of the Third Dynasty dog animal husbandry in accordance with the order of time (when Gil Sucheng documents) Part of the damage is too serious to be sorted out, and carries out Basic Latin and English translation.
【學位授予單位】：東北師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：K37

【引證文獻】

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