本文選題：法盟 + 法語　； 參考：《上海外國語大學》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：1883年成立的法語聯(lián)盟，其主旨在于“在殖民地和國外傳播法語”。它的成立與發(fā)展同第三共和國特定的歷史人文條件密切相關。經歷了1870年普法戰(zhàn)爭的失敗，第三共和國成立，新上臺的共和黨人士急需振奮民心，恢復法國的大國地位。他們一方面通過殖民擴張建立法國的殖民帝國，另一方面鼓勵各種團體傳播法國文化。新上臺的共和黨人，如岡貝塔（Gambetta）和費利（Ferry）鼓吹法國是高度文明的國家，有責任幫助落后民族進化。他們希望通過文化滲入，同化殖民地人民，緩解雙方對立的情形。而在法國國內，地理協(xié)會和商業(yè)地理協(xié)會遍地開花，它們主張將地理發(fā)展成為一項服務于法國對外擴張的學科。1881年，德國地理學會成立了“德語教學協(xié)會”，致力于維護和推廣德語的使用。不甘落后的法國地理協(xié)會開始為成立法盟做準備。與此同時，法國剛剛征服了突尼斯，急需在該地區(qū)推廣法語。在這種條件下，法盟應運而生。 法盟面向不同政見、不同信仰的各階層人士。其中，政治人士和教師共同構成了其主力軍，，它還得到了外交部和公共教育部的支持。在巴黎，法盟選舉了五十人委員會，設立了常駐辦公室負責日常事務。皮埃爾·馮森（Pierre Foncin）長期為法盟服務，曾先后擔任過秘書長和主席兩個職位，是一位對其政策制定有深遠影響的人物。 在法國境內，法盟成立了宣傳委員會，為對外開展工作募集資金來源；在國外，各地的行動委員會開設免費課程、建立圖書館、舉行講座，還向開設法語課程的學校發(fā)放補助。為了培訓法語教師，法盟還邀請優(yōu)秀的學員到巴黎參加“假期課程”。有效的組織形式和方法使得法盟的影響日益擴大，很快發(fā)展成了一個世界性的組織。它的重點區(qū)域從地中海、殖民地逐漸擴展到歐洲和美洲。 但是法盟在發(fā)展過程中也遇到了一些問題和外部競爭。資金不足、人員老化、定位錯誤等在一定程度上阻撓了它的發(fā)展。在外部，德國、意大利及英語國家在推廣語言方面也在努力，在一些地區(qū)，如中東、南美洲等地同法國競爭激烈。
[Abstract]:Founded in 1883, the main purpose of the French Union is to "spread French in colonies and abroad." Its establishment and development are closely related to the specific historical and cultural conditions of the third Republic. After the defeat of the French-Prussian War in 1870, the third Republic was founded. On the one hand, they established the colonial empire of France through colonial expansion, on the other hand, they encouraged various groups to spread French culture. New Republicans, such as Gambetta Gombetta and Feri Ferryn, preach that France is a highly civilized country with a responsibility to help underdeveloped nations evolve. They hope to assimilate the colonial people through cultural infiltration and ease the antagonism between the two sides. Within France, however, geographical associations and commercial geographical associations have flourished, advocating the development of geography as a subject serving French external expansion. In 1881, the German Geography Society established the German Teaching Association. Dedicated to maintaining and promoting the use of German. The backwardness of the French Geography Association began to prepare for the formation of the French Union. At the same time, France has just conquered Tunisia, the urgent need to promote French in the region. Under such conditions, the French Union came into being. The French Union is open to people of different political views and different faiths. Among them, politicians and teachers together constitute its main force, it is also supported by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and the Ministry of Public Education. In Paris, the French League elected a 50-member committee and set up a resident office to handle daily affairs. Pierre Foncinn, who has served the French Union for a long time, has served as secretary-general and chairman, and is a man with a profound influence on its policy making. In France, it has set up advocacy committees to raise funds for its work abroad; abroad, local action committees offer free courses, libraries, lectures and grants to schools offering French language courses. In order to train French teachers, the League also invited excellent students to Paris for the Holiday course. The effective form and method of organization make the influence of the League expand day by day, and develop into a world organization quickly. Its main areas from the Mediterranean Sea, colonies gradually extended to Europe and the Americas. However, the French Union also encountered some problems and external competition in the process of development. Lack of funds, aging personnel, positioning errors and so on to some extent hindered its development. Externally, Germany, Italy and English-speaking countries are also trying to promote the language, in some regions, such as the Middle East, South America and other places fierce competition with France.
【學位授予單位】：上海外國語大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：H32;K565.4

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