本文選題：英國當代 + 競選政治�。� 參考：《河南大學》2007年碩士論文

【摘要】： 希思政府(1970—1974)的經(jīng)濟政策經(jīng)歷了重大變動,因其幅度頗大,被稱為“希思大轉(zhuǎn)彎”。它顯露出共識政治的危機,折射出許多深層次的問題。國內(nèi)外學者對“希思大轉(zhuǎn)彎”的研究多屬短時段的政策分析,評析難免有所局限,且見仁見智。本文擬做長時段考察,探究“希思大轉(zhuǎn)彎”的深層原因和其時英國政治發(fā)展的趨勢。 在大眾民主的壓力下,英國政黨主動調(diào)整,以致精英政治繼續(xù)存在于20世紀。加之二戰(zhàn)后共識政治的出現(xiàn),大眾民主蛻變?yōu)橐愿傔x為主的政黨政治。無論是反對黨還是執(zhí)政黨,它們只求盡快上臺、盡可能長時間地執(zhí)政,常常置本黨意識形態(tài)、政黨原則于不顧。同時,由于政府與議會關系的倒置,英國首相能夠輕易地改變政策立場。扭曲的大眾民主遂成為“希思大轉(zhuǎn)彎”的誘因之一。 對于意識形態(tài)和政黨原則,英國首相和政黨領袖喜之則用,惡之則棄,只為贏得競選。19世紀中葉,大眾民主興起,“一個民族”保守主義應時而生。但二戰(zhàn)后,它又呈現(xiàn)出新特征:基本上放棄了保守主義“有限政治”的傳統(tǒng),丟掉了謹慎穩(wěn)重的精神,更注重發(fā)揮自己的競選功能。希思將市場競爭和國家關愛并舉,得到選民一時支持。但他們的注意力被過多地吸引到經(jīng)濟問題上,保守黨卻無力協(xié)調(diào)經(jīng)濟自由與國家干預之間的矛盾,也找不到復蘇經(jīng)濟的有效方法�！耙粋�民族”保守主義的新特征和自身難以克服的矛盾成了“希思大轉(zhuǎn)彎”的思想根源。 一定程度上,二戰(zhàn)后的政治共識掩蓋了英國政黨間的差別�！耙粋�民族”保守主義很難在競選政治中發(fā)揮作用,以致在希思政府時期陷入困境。然而,從長時段看,在積極適應大眾民主方面,“一個民族”保守主義使保守黨具備了明顯的優(yōu)勢,其歷史地位應得到充分肯定。
[Abstract]:The Heath government's economic policy underwent major changes in 1970-1974, and was called "Heath's turn" because of its magnitude. It reveals the crisis of consensus politics and reflects many deep problems. Most of the researches on Heath turn at home and abroad belong to short-time policy analysis. This paper intends to make a long period of investigation to explore the deep causes of Heath's Great turn and the trend of British political development at that time. Under the pressure of popular democracy, British political parties adjusted so that elite politics continued to exist in the 20 th century. Combined with the emergence of consensus politics after World War II, popular democracy changed into party politics based on election. Whether the opposition or the ruling party, they only want to come to power as soon as possible, as long as possible, often ignore their party ideology, party principles. At the same time, the reversal of the relationship between the government and Parliament has made it easy for the prime minister to change his policy stance. The twisted popular democracy became one of the inducements of Heath's turn. For ideology and party principles, British prime ministers and party leaders use what they like, but abandon the evil, only to win the election. In the middle of the 19th century, popular democracy rose, and "one nation" conservatism came into being at the right time. But after World War II, it presents new features: it basically gives up the tradition of conservative "limited politics", loses the spirit of prudence and stability, and pays more attention to its own campaign function. Heath combines market competition and state care to win the support of voters. But their attention has been so much drawn to economic problems that the Conservatives have been unable to reconcile the contradiction between economic freedom and state intervention and find no effective way to revive the economy. The new characteristics of "one nation" conservatism and its own insurmountable contradiction have become the ideological root of Heath's turn. To some extent, the political consensus after World War II masked differences between British political parties. The "one Nation" conservatism struggled to play a role in campaign politics and was in trouble during the Heath administration. However, in the aspect of actively adapting to popular democracy for a long time, the "one nation" conservatism has made the Conservative Party have obvious advantages, and its historical position should be fully affirmed.
【學位授予單位】：河南大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2007
【分類號】：K561.5

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本文編號：2021990