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試析美國歷史教科書中盎格魯撒克遜主義的確立

發(fā)布時間:2018-06-12 07:18

  本文選題:美國 + 歷史教科書; 參考:《河北師范大學》2012年碩士論文


【摘要】:美國歷史與建國歷程的特殊性促使殖民地時期已經(jīng)存在的盎格魯撒克遜傳統(tǒng)觀念沉寂下來。建國初期,歷史教育的目標是致力于文化的獨立發(fā)展,從事教科書撰寫的業(yè)余史家主要強調(diào)獨立戰(zhàn)爭的英雄及其美德,對原來宗主國英國大多側(cè)重了殘暴與專制的敘述。至19世紀末20世紀初,國際與國內(nèi)新形勢的促使下,美國上層社會出現(xiàn)了追溯盎格魯撒克遜主義的呼聲,進而,,在專業(yè)史家興起并逐步取代業(yè)余史家治史的過程中,歷史教科書在內(nèi)容上有了較大的變化,不僅展現(xiàn)了英雄人物或歷史事件不光采的一面,而且出現(xiàn)了明顯的“親英”傾向,由此,盎格魯撒克遜主義得以重新復蘇。這些變化引發(fā)了社會各界激烈且持續(xù)的爭論,至20世紀20年代在政治力量的加入下發(fā)生了著名的教科書“叛國”案。但是,在當時特殊的政治、經(jīng)濟、文化等因素的共同作用下,在新移民問題的激發(fā)下,專業(yè)史家的“親英”版本教科書在爭論中不斷得到公眾的認可與推行,其所宣揚的盎格魯撒克遜主義也成為時代主流。 正文包括五部分: 第一部分回顧盎格魯撒克遜主義在北美殖民地的起源與沉寂;第二部分指出建國初期美國國家特性被界定為英雄美德式的例外主義,由之,歷史教科書側(cè)重獨立戰(zhàn)爭中的英雄及其美德,將英國描繪為殘暴與專制的敵人形象;第三部分分析19、20世紀之交的國內(nèi)、國際新形勢刺激下,專業(yè)史家“親英”版本教科書出現(xiàn),促使盎格魯撒克遜主義得以復蘇;第四部分闡述專業(yè)史家“親英”版本教科書引發(fā)的爭論,特別分析20世紀20年代著名的歷史教科書“叛國”案;第五部分指出在新移民浪潮的刺激下,在本土化運動和美國化運動的過程中,“親英”版本歷史教科書被廣泛接受,盎格魯撒克遜主義作為主流意識形態(tài)得以確立,強化了美國在種族方面的國家特性。 總之,美國的歷史教科書是一個特殊且復雜紛繁的范疇,不僅僅是單純的文化產(chǎn)品,更是政治、經(jīng)濟和文化的復合品,是社會時代動態(tài)的一個縮影。其中,盎格魯撒克遜主義的確立過程就反映了不同時期、不同群體的文化認知和文化斗爭,進而從一個新的角度呈現(xiàn)了美國的社會變遷。
[Abstract]:The particularity of American history and the founding of the country made the Anglo-Saxon tradition that existed during the colonial period subside. In the early days of the founding of the people's Republic of China, the goal of history education was to devote himself to the independent development of culture. Amateur historians engaged in textbook writing mainly emphasized the heroes and virtues of the War of Independence, and most of the narratives of the former sovereign country, England, focused on cruelty and despotism. At the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, the call of Anglo-Saxon doctrine appeared in the upper class of the United States under the new international and domestic situation, and then, in the process of professional historians rising and gradually replacing amateur historians in the process of studying history. The content of history textbooks has changed greatly, not only showing the unglamorous side of heroes or historical events, but also showing an obvious "pro-British" tendency, thus, Anglo-Saxon doctrine can recover again. These changes led to fierce and continuous debates in all walks of life, until the famous textbook "treason" case took place in the 1920s with the participation of political forces. However, under the influence of special political, economic and cultural factors at that time, and inspired by the issue of new immigrants, professional historians'"pro-English" version textbooks were constantly recognized and implemented by the public during the debate. The Anglo-Saxon doctrine advocated by it has also become the mainstream of the times. The text includes five parts: the first part reviews the origin and silence of Anglo-Saxon doctrine in the North American colonies; The second part points out that the national identity of the United States was defined as the exceptionalism of heroic virtue in the early days of the founding of the people's Republic of China. Therefore, history textbooks focus on the heroes and their virtues in the War of Independence, and portray Britain as an enemy of cruelty and despotism. The third part analyzes the domestic at the turn of the 20th century, under the new international situation, professional historians "pro-English" version of the textbook appeared, promoting the recovery of Anglo-Saxon doctrine; The fourth part expounds the controversy caused by the "pro-English" version of professional historians, especially the case of "treason" in the famous history textbook of the 1920s. The fifth part points out that under the stimulation of the new immigrant wave, In the process of localization and Americanization, the "pro-English" version of history textbooks was widely accepted, and Anglo-Saxon ideology was established as the mainstream ideology, which strengthened the national identity of the United States in terms of race. American history textbook is a special and complicated category. It is not only a simple cultural product, but also a political, economic and cultural compound. It is a microcosm of the social times. Among them, the establishment process of Anglo-Saxon doctrine reflects the cultural cognition and cultural struggle of different groups in different periods, and then presents the social changes of the United States from a new angle.
【學位授予單位】:河北師范大學
【學位級別】:碩士
【學位授予年份】:2012
【分類號】:K712

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