本文選題：巴黎公社 + 民主試驗��； 參考：《中南大學(xué)》2012年博士論文

【摘要】：二十世紀(jì)七十年代末以來,隨著經(jīng)濟(jì)全球化的發(fā)展,世界范圍內(nèi)掀起了民主化的浪潮,西方的一些學(xué)者將其稱之為第三次民主化浪潮。這股浪潮甚至沖擊到世界上最封閉、最不可能發(fā)生變革、最被人遺忘的地方,如緬甸、蒙古、尼泊爾、甚至阿爾巴尼亞。在人類歷史上,從來沒有這么多的國家在期盼、建設(shè)和實踐著民主政治。民主政治作為人類主流文明的象征,成為當(dāng)今世界各國政治現(xiàn)代化的主要目標(biāo)。西方國家更是以西方民主制的“完美”而自炫,聲稱西方民主的價值觀在世界各地都極有魅力,東歐劇變、蘇聯(lián)解體后,他們更加鼓吹西方民主是不可戰(zhàn)勝的。因此,正在進(jìn)行中的民主化浪潮既是一次對中國特色社會主義民主政治建設(shè)的巨大挑戰(zhàn),同時,也為中國特色社會主義民主政治的發(fā)展帶來了機(jī)遇。孫中山先生曾說,世界潮流,浩浩蕩蕩,順之者昌,逆之者亡。中國社會主義民主政治的發(fā)展既要順應(yīng)世界民主潮流,又要保持自己的特色與優(yōu)勢；既要不斷汲取各國民主發(fā)展中有益的文明成果,又要從中國的實際出發(fā)、不機(jī)械照搬別國的民主模式,用更加科學(xué)的方式,積極努力地建設(shè)社會主義民主政治。 因此,我們需要科學(xué)的理論指導(dǎo),需要借鑒社會主義民主建設(shè)的有益經(jīng)驗。而經(jīng)過實踐反復(fù)證明了的科學(xué)理論就是馬克思主義理論,值得借鑒的社會主義民主經(jīng)驗就是馬克思發(fā)現(xiàn)的巴黎公社民主經(jīng)驗。但我們不禁要沉思,歷史和社會的大環(huán)境都截然不同于今天的巴黎公社,它的民主價值和制度與我們今天的時代是否還有契合?它所追求的民主精神是否符合我們時代的脈搏?對于今天的社會主義民主政治建設(shè)還有什么樣的價值?本文試從巴黎公社民主試驗的思想資源入手,探究巴黎公社民主試驗的實踐邏輯,總結(jié)巴黎公社民主的成功經(jīng)驗和失敗教訓(xùn),回顧社會主義國家對巴黎公社民主經(jīng)驗的借鑒和發(fā)展,站在當(dāng)代視角下重新審視巴黎公社民主的意義。由此得出的結(jié)論是：巴黎公社的民主試驗雖然是無產(chǎn)階級對社會主義民主的早期探索,但這些探索已經(jīng)揭示了社會主義民主的本質(zhì)內(nèi)容。它以無產(chǎn)階級民主權(quán)利的落實為根本,以人民當(dāng)家作主為根基,以實現(xiàn)人的全面自由為最終目標(biāo),將民主這一人的基本生存范式植根于現(xiàn)實的批判與理想社會的建構(gòu)過程中,為人的全面自由發(fā)展的實現(xiàn)開辟了無限廣闊的前景。在新的歷史背景下重新審視巴黎公社的民主試驗,對我們今天的民主政治建設(shè)具有重要的價值意義、理論意義和現(xiàn)實意義。
[Abstract]:Since the late 1970s, with the development of economic globalization, there has been a wave of democratization in the world, which some western scholars call the third wave of democratization. The wave has even hit the world's most closed, least likely, and most forgotten places, such as Burma, Mongolia, Nepal, and even Albania. Never in human history have so many countries been expecting, building and practicing democracy. As the symbol of human mainstream civilization, democratic politics has become the main goal of political modernization in the world. Western countries are more proud of the "perfection" of Western democracy, claiming that the values of Western democracy are very attractive all over the world. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, they preach that Western democracy is invincible. Therefore, the ongoing wave of democratization is not only a great challenge to the construction of socialist democratic politics with Chinese characteristics, but also an opportunity for the development of socialist democratic politics with Chinese characteristics. Mr Sun Zhongshan once said that the world's tide, the mighty, the prosperity of the vicissitudes, the death of the adverse. The development of China's socialist democratic politics should not only conform to the trend of democracy in the world, but also maintain its own characteristics and advantages. We should not mechanically copy the democratic model of other countries and work hard to build socialist democratic politics in a more scientific way. Therefore, we need scientific theoretical guidance, need to learn from the beneficial experience of socialist democratic construction. The scientific theory proved repeatedly by practice is Marxist theory, and the experience of socialist democracy worthy of reference is the democratic experience of Paris Commune discovered by Marx. But we cannot help pondering that the great environment of history and society is very different from the Paris Commune today. Does its democratic values and institutions fit in with our times? Is the democratic spirit it pursues in keeping with the pulse of our times? What is the value to the construction of socialist democracy today? Starting with the ideological resources of the Paris Commune's democratic experiment, this paper probes into the practical logic of the Paris Commune's democratic experiment, sums up the successful experience and the failure lessons of the Paris Commune's democracy. This paper reviews the reference and development of socialist countries to the democratic experience of the Paris Commune, and examines the significance of Paris Commune democracy from the contemporary perspective. The conclusion is that although the democratic experiment of the Paris Commune was an early exploration of socialist democracy by the proletariat, these explorations have revealed the essential content of socialist democracy. It takes the realization of proletarian democratic rights as its foundation, the people as its master, and the realization of its overall freedom as its ultimate goal. It takes democracy, as the basic survival paradigm of human beings, to be rooted in the process of realistic criticism and the construction of an ideal society. For the realization of all-round and free development of human beings opened up an infinite and broad prospect. To re-examine the democratic experiment of the Paris Commune under the new historical background is of great value, theoretical and practical significance to our democratic political construction today.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D756.5;K565

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本文編號：1984222