發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-06-04 13:37

  本文選題：工業(yè)革命 + 移民政策��； 參考：《遼寧大學(xué)》2009年碩士論文

【摘要】： 美國第一次工業(yè)革命開始于18世紀(jì)末,當(dāng)時(shí)美國國內(nèi)總?cè)丝趦H有393萬,但1790-1860年美國迎來了第一次移民潮,到美國的移民達(dá)500多萬人。南北戰(zhàn)爭結(jié)束以后,美國開始了第二次工業(yè)革命并且迅猛發(fā)展,使得美國又出現(xiàn)大量勞動力短缺。因而從1860年到1920年美國又迎來了移民的第二次高潮。這次移民潮波濤洶涌,影響持久深遠(yuǎn),期間,有3000多萬移民來到美國。美國的這兩次移民潮是促成美國工業(yè)革命順利快速完成的主要動力,而工業(yè)革命的發(fā)展進(jìn)程又在很大程度上影響了美國的移民政策的制定。 本文正文共分四個部分: 緒論,概括敘述選題的緣起及國內(nèi)外學(xué)術(shù)研究動態(tài)。 第一部分,簡述美國兩次工業(yè)革命的概況,分析移民在工業(yè)革命時(shí)期大量涌入的原因,以及移民為美國的工業(yè)革命的完成做出了不可磨滅的貢獻(xiàn)。文章從主觀因素與客觀因素分析了促使外來移民在此期間大量涌入的原因及背景。美國這一時(shí)期的發(fā)展與輝煌成就,沒有移民流血流汗,是絕不可能獲得的。 第二部分,具體闡述美國移民政策在工業(yè)革命時(shí)期發(fā)生的轉(zhuǎn)變。首先客觀地分析了建國初期的移民政策與18世紀(jì)末19世紀(jì)初移民政策的異同。建國初期,由于種種原因,鼓勵外來移民的移民政策實(shí)際成效并不顯著。而在18世紀(jì)末19世紀(jì)初隨著工業(yè)革命的開始,美國的勞動力嚴(yán)重不足,大力鼓勵外來移民的政策被有效地執(zhí)行,僅1815—1860年進(jìn)入美國的移民就有500萬。接著分析了美國19世紀(jì)中后期的移民政策。隨著內(nèi)戰(zhàn)結(jié)束和南方重建展開,美國進(jìn)入經(jīng)濟(jì)高速發(fā)展的重要?dú)v史階段,史稱“鍍金時(shí)代”。這一時(shí)期,由于美國工業(yè)發(fā)展迅猛,各工業(yè)部門對勞動力的需求則更迫切。因此,美國政府積極出臺了一系列吸引外來移民的法令,1866至1900年,共計(jì)有13,259,469人進(jìn)入美國,這些外來移民為美國的經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)做出了可歌可泣的貢獻(xiàn)。隨著美國工業(yè)革命的完成,經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展,移民政策在19世紀(jì)末20世紀(jì)初逐漸發(fā)生了變化,由自由移民政策發(fā)展為限制移民的政策。 第三部分,分析美國移民政策發(fā)生轉(zhuǎn)變的原因。經(jīng)濟(jì)因素是促使美國移民政策演變的主要原因,其他因素則服從或迎合了經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展要求。到20世紀(jì)初,美國已經(jīng)度過了勞動力極端缺乏的時(shí)期,經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展面臨的主要任務(wù)是大力發(fā)展新型工業(yè),對傳統(tǒng)工業(yè)部門進(jìn)行改造,對勞動力的素質(zhì)要求逐步提高,因此對移民的選擇越來越嚴(yán)格。當(dāng)然,政治因素和排外主義思潮對這一時(shí)期移民政策的轉(zhuǎn)變也有一定的影響。 第四部分,分析工業(yè)革命后美國移民的變化。在工業(yè)化剛開始的時(shí)候,無論是亞洲移民還是東南歐的移民都為美國所用,并做出了巨大貢獻(xiàn)。但到19世紀(jì)末20世紀(jì)初,美國已經(jīng)進(jìn)入到“限制歐洲移民,排斥亞洲移民”的時(shí)期。這一時(shí)期對移民數(shù)量和質(zhì)量、來源地及種族等都有了新的變化。 結(jié)束語部分,概述移民為美國經(jīng)濟(jì)建設(shè)做出的貢獻(xiàn)與美國當(dāng)今的移民政策。
[Abstract]:The first industrial revolution in the United States began in the late eighteenth Century, when the total population of the United States was only 3 million 930 thousand. But in 1790-1860 years, the first migration tide was ushered in the United States. The immigrants reached about 5000000 in the United States. After the civil war, the United States began the second industrial revolution and developed rapidly, causing a large number of labor shortages in the United States. From 1860 to 1920, the second climax of immigration was ushered in the United States. This immigrant tide was rough and lasting and lasting. During the period, about 30000000 immigrants came to the United States. The two emigration tides in the United States were the main driving force for the successful and rapid completion of the American Industrial Revolution, and the process of the industrial revolution was greatly influenced by the development of the industrial revolution. The emigration policy was made in the United States.
The text of this article is divided into four parts:
The introduction summarizes the origin of the topic and the academic research trends at home and abroad.
The first part describes the general situation of the two industrial revolution in the United States, analyzes the reasons for the influx of immigrants during the industrial revolution, and makes an indelible contribution to the completion of the industrial revolution in the United States. From the subjective and objective factors, the article analyses the causes and background of the influx of immigrants during this period. The development and brilliant achievements of a period, without emigration and sweat, are by no means possible.
The second part expounds the transformation of American immigration policy during the industrial revolution period. First, it analyzes objectively the similarities and differences between immigration policy in the early days of the founding of the people's Republic of China and the immigration policy in the late eighteenth Century and early nineteenth Century. In the early days of the founding of the people's Republic, the actual effectiveness of the immigration policy encouraged by immigrants was not significant for a variety of reasons. At the beginning of the industrial revolution, the labor force in the United States was badly inadequate and the policy of encouraging immigrants was effectively implemented. The immigrants entered the United States from 1815 to 1860 only 5 million. Then the immigration policy of the middle and late nineteenth Century of the United States was analyzed. With the end of the civil war and the opening of the southern reconstruction, the United States entered the important history of the rapid economic development. At this stage, history called the "Gilded Age". This period, because of the rapid development of American industry, the demand for labor in the industrial sector was more urgent. Therefore, the United States government has actively introduced a series of laws to attract immigrants. From 1866 to 1900, a total of 13259469 people entered the United States, and these immigrants made the economic construction of the United States. With the completion of the American Industrial Revolution and the development of the economy, the immigration policy changed gradually in the late nineteenth Century and early twentieth Century, and the policy of restricting immigration was developed from the free immigration policy.
The third part analyzes the reasons for the change in American immigration policy. Economic factors are the main reasons for the evolution of American immigration policy. Other factors obey or cater to the demand for economic development. By the beginning of twentieth Century, the United States had spent the period of extreme lack of labor, and the main task faced by the economic development was to develop new industries. To reform the traditional industrial sector and improve the quality of the labor force, the choice of immigration is becoming more and more strict. Of course, political and xenophobia trends also have a certain influence on the change of immigration policy in this period.
The fourth part analyses the change of American immigrants after the industrial revolution. At the beginning of industrialization, both Asian and Southeast European immigrants have made great contributions to the United States. But by the end of the nineteenth Century and early twentieth Century, the United States had entered the period of "restricting European immigrants and excluding Asian immigrants". New changes have taken place in the number and quality of people, origin and ethnicity.
The concluding remarks include an overview of immigrants' contribution to the US economic development and the current immigration policy in the US.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類號】：K712.3

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本文編號：1977555