本文選題：丹吉爾港 + 蘇伊士運(yùn)河��； 參考：《蘭州大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：1919-1924年英國(guó)的地中海政策,可以分為東地中海政策和西地中海政策兩部分。西地中海政策涉及英國(guó)與法國(guó)、西班牙的關(guān)系；東地中海政策涉及英國(guó)在埃及的宗主制度。伊比利亞半島對(duì)西地中海地區(qū)大英帝國(guó)的帝國(guó)安全至關(guān)重要,直布羅陀海峽是英國(guó)自大西洋到地中海的咽喉,為英國(guó)戰(zhàn)略利益之所在,所以丹吉爾港中立和西班牙在北部摩洛哥的宗主制度的維持對(duì)英國(guó)有深遠(yuǎn)的影響。英國(guó)在摩洛哥問(wèn)題上竭力維護(hù)西班牙在北部摩洛哥的宗主地位,并且英國(guó)在摩洛哥問(wèn)題上對(duì)西班牙和法國(guó)采取了不同的政策,通過(guò)一次英國(guó)、法國(guó)、西班牙參加的三方會(huì)議確定了丹吉爾港口的中立地位,平衡了西班牙和法國(guó)在西地中海地區(qū)的爭(zhēng)奪。蘇伊士運(yùn)河的安全與防御對(duì)東地中海地區(qū)帝國(guó)安全至關(guān)重要,蘇伊士運(yùn)河是保障英國(guó)經(jīng)由地中海、蘇伊士運(yùn)河和紅海到達(dá)東方的航線(xiàn)暢通的關(guān)鍵點(diǎn),為英國(guó)利益之所在,所以對(duì)埃及宗主制度的維護(hù)對(duì)英國(guó)有深遠(yuǎn)的影響。第一次世界大戰(zhàn)給英國(guó)提供了一個(gè)在埃及正式建立宗主制度的機(jī)會(huì),英國(guó)希望以大部分埃及人能夠接受的形式在埃及使得宗主制度永久存在,因?yàn)橛?guó)在埃及地區(qū)政策的影響超出了東地中海地區(qū)的范圍,涉及英國(guó)的全球政策。然而,第一次世界大戰(zhàn)激發(fā)了埃及人民對(duì)于民族獨(dú)立的強(qiáng)烈愿望。埃及人把第一次世界大戰(zhàn)之后最初幾年的事件看成是二十世紀(jì)他們完全獨(dú)立于英帝國(guó)主義的長(zhǎng)期斗爭(zhēng)的起點(diǎn)。英國(guó)對(duì)埃及的政策出現(xiàn)了兩次重要的轉(zhuǎn)變以確保在現(xiàn)有條件下英國(guó)在埃及的利益最大化。英國(guó)單方面發(fā)表二·二八聲明,在四點(diǎn)保留原則的情況下,單方面宣布廢除埃及的宗主制度,維護(hù)了英國(guó)在埃及的利益,確保英國(guó)對(duì)蘇伊士運(yùn)河的牢固控制。
[Abstract]:British Mediterranean policy from 1919 to 1924 can be divided into two parts: eastern Mediterranean policy and western Mediterranean policy. The western Mediterranean policy involves Britain's relations with France and Spain, and the eastern Mediterranean policy involves Britain's patriarchal system in Egypt. The Iberian Peninsula is vital to the imperial security of the British Empire in the Western Mediterranean. The Strait of Gibraltar is the throat of Britain from the Atlantic to the Mediterranean and serves the strategic interests of the United Kingdom. So the neutrality of Port Tangier and the maintenance of Spain's patriarchal system in northern Morocco had a profound impact on Britain. Britain tried hard to maintain Spain's supremacy in northern Morocco on the Moroccan issue, and Britain adopted a different policy towards Spain and France on the Moroccan issue, through one British, French, Spain's tripartite meeting confirmed the neutrality of Tangier's port, balancing Spain's and France's rivalry in the western Mediterranean. The security and defense of the Suez Canal is of great importance to the security of the Eastern Mediterranean Empire. The Suez Canal is the key point to ensure the smooth passage of British routes to the East via the Mediterranean Sea, the Suez Canal and the Red Sea, and is in the interest of the United Kingdom. Therefore, the maintenance of Egypt's patriarchal system has a profound impact on Britain. The first World War provided Britain with an opportunity to formally establish a patriarchal system in Egypt, which Britain wanted to perpetuate in Egypt in a form acceptable to most Egyptians. The impact of British policy in Egypt extends beyond the eastern Mediterranean and involves British global policy. However, World War I inspired the Egyptian people's strong desire for national independence. The Egyptians saw the events of the first few years after World War I as the starting point of their long struggle completely independent of British imperialism in the twentieth century. There have been two important shifts in British policy towards Egypt to ensure that Britain's interests in Egypt are maximized under existing conditions. In the case of the four-point reservation principle, Britain unilaterally declared to abolish Egypt's patriarchal system, which safeguarded Britain's interests in Egypt and ensured Britain's firm control over the Suez Canal.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：蘭州大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：K15

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