本文選題：區(qū)域開(kāi)發(fā) + 五年計(jì)劃��； 參考：《重慶師范大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：區(qū)域開(kāi)發(fā)是一個(gè)復(fù)雜的系統(tǒng)工程,是一定地區(qū)內(nèi)資源的綜合開(kāi)發(fā)利用過(guò)程,有系統(tǒng)性、整體性、層次性、結(jié)構(gòu)性、計(jì)劃性、戰(zhàn)略性、綜合性等特性。西伯利亞資源豐富、地理位置獨(dú)特,是俄羅斯重要的地區(qū)。資源豐富的西伯利亞的開(kāi)發(fā)卻是經(jīng)歷了一個(gè)漫長(zhǎng)的過(guò)程,沙俄政府開(kāi)發(fā)的規(guī)模和影響都很小。蘇聯(lián)成立后,歷屆領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人也都十分重視西伯利亞的開(kāi)發(fā)。在斯大林時(shí)期蘇聯(lián)政府對(duì)西伯利亞的開(kāi)發(fā),是工業(yè)化時(shí)期蘇聯(lián)大規(guī)模區(qū)域開(kāi)發(fā)的一次重要嘗試,開(kāi)發(fā)模式對(duì)以后歷屆蘇聯(lián)政府產(chǎn)生了極其重要的影響。 在一個(gè)上千萬(wàn)平方公里工業(yè)落后的區(qū)域中,蘇聯(lián)政府從全局和長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)目標(biāo)出發(fā),統(tǒng)一規(guī)劃和部署,通過(guò)制定多個(gè)五年計(jì)劃使西伯利亞區(qū)域開(kāi)發(fā)順利實(shí)現(xiàn)。前三個(gè)五年的計(jì)劃是在相對(duì)和平的情況下進(jìn)行的,西伯利亞與遠(yuǎn)東各個(gè)方面的發(fā)展也都取得了很好的成績(jī)。在三五計(jì)劃實(shí)施了三年后,第二次世界大戰(zhàn)爆發(fā),戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)打破了蘇聯(lián)的社會(huì)建設(shè)步伐,但是西伯利亞與遠(yuǎn)東作為戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的大后方則進(jìn)入了快速的發(fā)展階段,并為蘇聯(lián)最終取得戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的勝利做出了自己重大的貢獻(xiàn)。戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)結(jié)束,國(guó)家的政策重新傾向西部的歐洲部分,西伯利亞與遠(yuǎn)東的發(fā)展速度放緩。在計(jì)劃體制下,國(guó)家有效地集中人力、物力、財(cái)力開(kāi)發(fā)西伯利亞。西伯利亞也是蘇聯(lián)高度集中的計(jì)劃體制的受益者。政府在開(kāi)發(fā)過(guò)程中還設(shè)計(jì)了區(qū)域性生產(chǎn)綜合體的新型機(jī)制,使西伯利亞開(kāi)發(fā)順利進(jìn)行并盡快地產(chǎn)生經(jīng)濟(jì)效果。但是,計(jì)劃體制也給西伯利亞的發(fā)展帶來(lái)了消極的影響,優(yōu)先發(fā)展重工業(yè)、片面追求數(shù)量指標(biāo)的發(fā)展模式也給西伯利亞區(qū)域開(kāi)發(fā)帶來(lái)了消極影響。 總體上看,斯大林時(shí)期西伯利亞的工業(yè)、農(nóng)業(yè)的發(fā)展大大改變了這一地區(qū)的面貌,使其在蘇聯(lián)經(jīng)濟(jì)中的地位逐年提高,對(duì)蘇聯(lián)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展的貢獻(xiàn)越來(lái)越大。工業(yè)上,燃料動(dòng)力、水力和礦物質(zhì)資源,是工業(yè)化代發(fā)展的基礎(chǔ)。農(nóng)業(yè)上,西伯利亞的土地資源豐富,是國(guó)家在東部一個(gè)新興的糧食生產(chǎn)基地。相對(duì)與以后大規(guī)模的開(kāi)發(fā),這一時(shí)期僅僅是一個(gè)過(guò)渡。正是由于這一時(shí)期的建設(shè),才為后來(lái)的大規(guī)模開(kāi)發(fā)提供了有力的支撐。 今天,世界經(jīng)濟(jì)一體化,這就對(duì)區(qū)域的開(kāi)發(fā)提出了新的要求。區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展必須符合時(shí)代潮流,也要符合中國(guó)的國(guó)情。為此我們國(guó)家提出了以人為本,樹(shù)立全面、協(xié)調(diào)、可持續(xù)的科學(xué)發(fā)展觀。科學(xué)發(fā)展觀為現(xiàn)階段區(qū)域經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展戰(zhàn)略注入了新的內(nèi)涵。在人與自然的關(guān)系上,要求遵循的是人與自然和諧共存,可持續(xù)發(fā)展的準(zhǔn)則。區(qū)域開(kāi)發(fā)在科學(xué)發(fā)展觀的指導(dǎo)下,要調(diào)整發(fā)展思路,轉(zhuǎn)變發(fā)展模式。只有堅(jiān)持以人為本的原則,以改革和創(chuàng)新為動(dòng)力,才能實(shí)現(xiàn)社會(huì)全面和諧發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:Regional development is a complex system engineering, which is the process of comprehensive development and utilization of resources in a certain area. It has the characteristics of systematization, integrity, hierarchy, structure, planning, strategy, comprehensiveness and so on. Siberia is an important region of Russia because of its rich resources and unique geographical location. The exploitation of resource-rich Siberia has gone through a long process, the scale and influence of the Russian government are very small. After the founding of the Soviet Union, successive leaders also attached great importance to the development of Siberia. The exploitation of Siberia by the Soviet government in Stalin's time was an important attempt in the large-scale development of the Soviet Union during the industrialization period, and the development model had an extremely important influence on the successive Soviet governments. In a region with tens of millions of square kilometers of industrial backwardness, the Soviet government, proceeding from the overall and long-term goals, unified planning and deployment, and successfully realized the development of Siberia by drawing up several five-year plans. The first three years of the program were carried out in relative peace, and Siberia and the far East made good progress in every aspect. Three years after the implementation of the third Five-Year Plan, the second World War broke the pace of social construction in the Soviet Union, but Siberia and the far East, as the main rear areas of the war, entered a stage of rapid development. And for the Soviet Union finally won the war to make its own major contribution. At the end of the war, state policy shifted back to Europe in the west, and Siberia and the far East slowed down. Under the planning system, the state effectively concentrated manpower, material resources, and financial resources to develop Siberia. Siberia is also a beneficiary of the Soviet Union's highly centralized planning system. In the process of development, the government has also designed a new mechanism of regional production complex, which makes the development of Siberia go on smoothly and produce economic effect as soon as possible. However, the planning system also has a negative impact on the development of Siberia, giving priority to the development of heavy industry, and the development mode of one-sided pursuit of quantitative indicators also has a negative impact on the development of Siberia region. On the whole, the development of industry and agriculture in Siberia during Stalin's period changed the appearance of this region greatly, and made its status in the Soviet economy rise year by year, and it contributed more and more to the economic development of the Soviet Union. In industry, fuel power, hydraulic and mineral resources are the basis of industrialization. In agriculture, Siberia is rich in land resources, is the country in the east of a new food production base. This period is only a transition relative to later large-scale development. It is because of this period of construction, for the subsequent large-scale development to provide a strong support. Today, the integration of the world economy, this has put forward new requirements for regional development. Regional economic development must be in line with the trend of the times, but also in line with China's national conditions. Therefore, our country put forward the scientific development view of people-oriented, comprehensive, coordinated and sustainable. The concept of scientific development has injected new connotation into the present regional economic development strategy. In the relation between man and nature, the principle of harmonious coexistence and sustainable development between man and nature is required. Under the guidance of the scientific development view, regional development should adjust the development thinking and change the development mode. Only by adhering to the principle of people-oriented and taking reform and innovation as the motive force can we realize the harmonious development of the society in an all-round way.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：重慶師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：K512.5

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