本文選題：十八世紀 + 大旅行　； 參考：《西北師范大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：十八世紀英國的大旅行是英國社會文化史上的重要內(nèi)容,是研究和探尋十八世紀英國社會發(fā)展變遷的一個重要切入點。十八世紀大旅行在一系列因素的推動下走向興盛,這些因素包括:一直以來貴族大旅行的傳統(tǒng);英國這一時期獲取官職的政治恩賜制;貴族一直將接受教育當作是維護其權(quán)威的手段之一;英國經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展促使了在十八世紀出現(xiàn)了一個日益崛起新興階層,他們在仿效貴族生活方式和炫耀個人財富的影響下也加入了大旅行的隊伍。正是在貴族和新興階層的共同參與下,十八世紀的大旅行才呈現(xiàn)出一片繁榮。進入十八世紀大旅行的發(fā)展進入了一個鼎盛時期,旅行的線路得以擴展,已不再局限于傳統(tǒng)的主要線路,旅行的目的地越來越不同;大旅行參與人員的范圍也擴大了,更多貴族以外的階層也加入到大旅行中,女性也更多的參與了進來;游學(xué)的內(nèi)容也變得更為豐富,除了一直以來學(xué)習禮儀、藝術(shù)品鑒賞之外,溫泉療養(yǎng),購買和收藏藝術(shù)品也逐漸成為了旅行目的的重要組成部分。隨著英國工業(yè)革命和法國大革命的先后發(fā)生,大旅行的時代背景發(fā)生了急劇的變化。英國經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的速度遠超于過去,隨著英國經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展和整個歐洲商業(yè)的發(fā)展,到十八世紀中期英國消費社會初步形成;在工業(yè)革命的影響下,過去以古典教育為中心的紳士教育已經(jīng)不符合時代發(fā)展的需要,科學(xué)教育和技術(shù)教育日益受到重視;工業(yè)革命所帶來的交通革命,使鐵路在英國國內(nèi)和歐洲大陸普遍鋪設(shè)開來,形成了連接各地的鐵路交通網(wǎng),交通條件的優(yōu)化既縮短了旅行的時間也減少了旅行的花費,旅行開始變成一種普遍化和大眾化的行為;1789年法國大革命后歐洲的動蕩,一方面阻斷了前往意大利等國的交通,增加了大旅行途中的風險,另一方面英國畏懼大革命的影響而實行了長期的保守政策,使得大旅行趨于沉寂。交通的發(fā)展所帶來的旅游業(yè)的大眾化,使得大旅行所具有的教育功能、滿足商品購買需求及游覽風景名勝的功能都被弱化,使得大旅行開始衰落。大旅行中英國與歐洲大陸的文化交流,促進了英國社會文化的變遷,使得社會上層的文化風尚日益在整個社會流行、普及。促進了英國圖書館和博物館的發(fā)展,影響了十八世紀英國的建筑及繪畫風格,對英國鄉(xiāng)村別墅的修建及紳士文化的發(fā)展都產(chǎn)生了深遠的影響。
[Abstract]:Great British travel in the 18th century is an important content in the history of British social culture and an important entry point for the study and exploration of the social development and changes in England in the 18th century.In the 18th century, great travel flourished under a series of factors, including: the tradition of aristocratic travel, the political gift system of obtaining official posts in England during this period;The aristocrats had always regarded education as one of the means to uphold their authority; the development of the British economy had contributed to the emergence of a rising class in the eighteenth century.Under the influence of imitating the aristocratic way of life and flaunting their personal wealth, they joined in the great journey.It was with the participation of aristocrats and new classes that the great travels of the 18 th century flourished.In the eighteenth century, the development of great travel entered a period of prosperity, and the routes of travel were expanded, no longer limited to the traditional main routes, and the destinations of travel were becoming increasingly different; the range of people involved in large trips was also expanded.More classes other than aristocrats have joined in the big trips, and women have also been more involved. The contents of the study have become more abundant. In addition to the study of etiquette and art appreciation, there has been a spa recuperation.The purchase and collection of works of art has gradually become an important part of the purpose of travel.With the Industrial Revolution in England and the French Revolution in succession, the background of great travel has changed dramatically.The British economy developed much faster than in the past. With the development of the British economy and the development of commerce in Europe as a whole, by the middle of the 18th century, the British consumer society was initially formed. Under the influence of the industrial revolution,In the past, gentleman's education, centered on classical education, was no longer in keeping with the needs of the times, and science and technology education received increasing attention. The revolution in communications brought about by the industrial revolution made railways widely laid in Britain and on the continent of Europe.A network of rail links was formed, and the optimization of transportation conditions shortened the travel time as well as reduced the cost of travel, and travel began to become a generalized and popular act; the turmoil in Europe after the French Revolution in 1789.On the one hand, it blocked the traffic to Italy and other countries, increased the risk of big travel, on the other hand, Britain, afraid of the impact of the Revolution, implemented a long-term conservative policy, which made the big trip quiet.The popularization of tourism brought by the development of transportation makes the educational function of big travel, the function of satisfying the demand of commodity purchase and the function of visiting scenic spots weakened, which makes the big travel begin to decline.The cultural exchange between Britain and the European continent during the big trip promoted the change of British social culture and made the cultural fashion of the upper class of society more and more popular and popular in the whole society.It promoted the development of libraries and museums in England, influenced the architecture and painting style of England in the 18th century, and had a profound influence on the construction of country villas and the development of gentry culture.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：K561.4

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1 吳婷;十八世紀英國大旅行研究[D];西北師范大學(xué);2016年

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