本文選題：蘇聯(lián)　切入點(diǎn)：農(nóng)產(chǎn)品征購　出處：《華南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(社會(huì)科學(xué)版)》2017年01期

【摘要】：在蘇聯(lián)七十余年的歷史進(jìn)程中,農(nóng)產(chǎn)品征購是保障國家糧食安全的重要手段。征購方式經(jīng)歷了幾次較大規(guī)模的改革:武力強(qiáng)征—攤派強(qiáng)征—寬松征購—合同訂購—義務(wù)交售—統(tǒng)一采購。整體來看,征收方式的演變都是從暴力到非暴力,從強(qiáng)制到自愿,從無償?shù)接袃?從低價(jià)到高價(jià)。這些改革措施,對(duì)于蘇聯(lián)社會(huì)短時(shí)段或中時(shí)段的動(dòng)蕩或穩(wěn)定起了至關(guān)重要的作用。二十世紀(jì)50年代后蘇聯(lián)進(jìn)行的歷次農(nóng)產(chǎn)品征購方式的改革都失敗了,導(dǎo)致國家糧食問題愈發(fā)嚴(yán)重,根本原因在于改革未觸及以集體農(nóng)莊為核心的僵化的農(nóng)業(yè)管理模式。
[Abstract]:In the history of Soviet Union for more than 70 years, the purchase of agricultural products is an important means to ensure national food security.The way of requisition and purchase has gone through several large scale reforms: force imposed-assessed compulsory-loose requisition-contract order-compulsory delivery-unified procurement.Overall, the evolution of expropriation is from violence to non-violence, from coercion to voluntary, from unpaid to paid, from low to high.These reforms played an important role in the short-term or mid-term instability or stability of Soviet society.After 1950s, the reform of agricultural products requisition and purchase in Soviet Union failed, which led to more and more serious food problems in the country. The fundamental reason was that the reform did not touch the rigid agricultural management mode with collective farm as the core.
【作者單位】： 陜西師范大學(xué)歷史文化學(xué)院;
【基金】：中國博士后科學(xué)基金面上一等資助項(xiàng)目(2013M540192);中國博士后科學(xué)基金特別資助項(xiàng)目(2014T70183)
【分類號(hào)】：K512.5
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本文編號(hào)：1726996