英國紐卡斯?fàn)柌擅汗I(yè)及煤炭貿(mào)易研究
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本文選題：紐卡斯?fàn)?/strong> 切入點：采煤工業(yè) 出處：《天津師范大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文
【摘要】：紐卡斯?fàn)柺怯匾禾抗I(yè)城市,也是英國最大煤炭港口。從中世紀(jì)到現(xiàn)代它一直是英國重要的煤炭輸出地,從15世紀(jì)起這里出產(chǎn)的煤炭就已享譽歐洲,有“海煤”之稱。漫長的中世紀(jì)里,紐卡斯?fàn)柾瓿闪擞梢粋�以軍事防御為主的城堡到一個采煤業(yè)城市的轉(zhuǎn)變。這一轉(zhuǎn)變對紐卡斯?fàn)栔陵P(guān)重要,因為它決定了城市以后的發(fā)展方向,也奠定了紐卡斯?fàn)栐谖磥碛牡匚弧?6世紀(jì)后紐卡斯?fàn)柕陌l(fā)展,與煤炭工業(yè)和煤炭貿(mào)易息息相關(guān)。 本文論述了從16世紀(jì)到20世紀(jì)早期,紐卡斯?fàn)柌擅汗I(yè)與貿(mào)易的發(fā)展歷程,并將其最初的發(fā)展與近代英國經(jīng)濟的轉(zhuǎn)型和工業(yè)革命前“大工業(yè)”對煤炭的需求結(jié)合起來,論述了各個時期紐卡斯?fàn)柌擅汗I(yè)和煤炭貿(mào)易的特征,尤其對采煤工業(yè)的環(huán)節(jié)和煤炭貿(mào)易的組織作了較為詳細的剖析。 工業(yè)革命對紐卡斯?fàn)柈a(chǎn)生了重要的影響,不僅是大機器生產(chǎn)所需要的大量煤炭刺激了其采煤業(yè)和煤炭貿(mào)易的發(fā)展,更重要的是現(xiàn)代化機器廣泛地應(yīng)用于紐卡斯?fàn)柕拿禾可a(chǎn)和煤炭貿(mào)易中,促使其產(chǎn)生了一系列生產(chǎn)與組織上的變革,并對紐卡斯?fàn)柍鞘邪l(fā)展產(chǎn)生深刻影響。19世紀(jì)以后,紐卡斯?fàn)栂蛑悦禾抗I(yè)為基礎(chǔ)、多種工業(yè)部門并舉的綜合性工業(yè)發(fā)展。繁忙的煤炭貿(mào)易也帶動了紐卡斯?fàn)柛劭诘陌l(fā)展,19世紀(jì)末,紐卡斯?fàn)柍蔀橛钪匾母劭谥?工業(yè)與貿(mào)易的發(fā)展也使得城市規(guī)模不斷擴大,人口不斷增加,城市的社會服務(wù)職能也隨之不斷的完善,這一切都使得紐卡斯?fàn)栂蛞蛔F(xiàn)代化的城市發(fā)展,在今天紐卡斯?fàn)栆呀?jīng)成為英國東北部地區(qū)最大的工商業(yè)城市。
[Abstract]:Newcastle is an important coal industry city and the largest coal port in Britain.From the Middle Ages to modern times, it has been an important coal export to Britain. Since the 15th century, the coal produced here has enjoyed a reputation in Europe, known as "sea coal".During the long Middle Ages, Newcastle completed the transition from a fortified castle to a coal-mining city.This shift was crucial to Newcastle because it determined the future direction of the city and laid the foundation for Newcastle's position in the future in England. The development of Newcastle after the 16th century was closely related to the coal industry and the coal trade.This paper discusses the development of Newcastle coal mining industry and trade from the 16th century to the early 20th century, and combines its initial development with the transformation of modern British economy and the demand for coal by "big industry" before the industrial revolution.The characteristics of Newcastle coal mining industry and coal trade in different periods are discussed, especially the links of mining industry and the organization of coal trade are analyzed in detail.The industrial revolution had an important impact on Newcastle, not only because the large amount of coal needed for the production of large machines stimulated the development of its coal mining industry and the coal trade,More importantly, modern machines were widely used in Newcastle's coal production and coal trade, which led to a series of production and organizational changes, and had a profound impact on Newcastle's urban development after the 19th century.Newcastle developed to a comprehensive industry based on coal industry and developed simultaneously in many industrial sectors.The busy coal trade also led to the development of Newcastle port. At the end of the 19th century, Newcastle became one of the most important ports in BritainThe development of industry and trade also made the scale of the city expand, the population increased, and the social service function of the city improved, all of which led Newcastle to develop into a modern city.Newcastle has become the largest industrial and commercial city in the northeast of England today.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：K561.4
【參考文獻】
相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條
1 劉景華;;論崛起時期英國經(jīng)濟地理格局的演變[J];天津師范大學(xué)學(xué)報(社會科學(xué)版);2009年06期
，本文編號：1706528
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