本文選題：二戰(zhàn)　切入點(diǎn)：政府規(guī)制　出處：《河南大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文

【摘要】：利益集團(tuán)是美國(guó)代議制民主的補(bǔ)充,是美國(guó)民主政治的重要組成部分。學(xué)界對(duì)于利益集團(tuán)產(chǎn)生的理論、利益集團(tuán)對(duì)美國(guó)政治體系中三權(quán)分立的影響、關(guān)于利益集團(tuán)的好壞的爭(zhēng)論、利益集團(tuán)對(duì)中美關(guān)系的影響等等,給予了較多的關(guān)注。對(duì)于利益集團(tuán)的合法性問(wèn)題則關(guān)注不夠,我以“二戰(zhàn)”這個(gè)時(shí)間為節(jié)點(diǎn),從政府規(guī)制的視角對(duì)利益集團(tuán)的合法性重塑進(jìn)行考察。 利益集團(tuán)在二戰(zhàn)以前之所以在美國(guó)政治土壤中能夠生存和發(fā)展,是由于利益集團(tuán)在美國(guó)的政治體系中有著深厚的合法性基礎(chǔ),并且美國(guó)民眾也熱衷于參加各式各樣的利益集團(tuán),美國(guó)政府也善于發(fā)掘利益集團(tuán)的政治潛力。二戰(zhàn)以前,利益集團(tuán)為了維護(hù)自身利益,不惜以金錢(qián)、美色等手段對(duì)政府官員進(jìn)行賄賂,這敗壞了美國(guó)的政治風(fēng)氣,損害了美國(guó)政府的權(quán)威,引起了廣大民眾的不滿(mǎn),同時(shí)利益集團(tuán)的自身也名譽(yù)掃地,形象毀損嚴(yán)重,導(dǎo)致了自身的合法性危機(jī)。二戰(zhàn)以后,為了將利益集團(tuán)的活動(dòng)重新納入合法性軌道,美國(guó)政府可謂用心良苦,美國(guó)政府頒布了一系列切實(shí)有效的法律,以法律規(guī)制的方式將利益集團(tuán)的活動(dòng)控制在法律規(guī)定的范圍之內(nèi)。在政府的規(guī)制下,利益集團(tuán)也在努力地調(diào)整自身,通過(guò)自身的調(diào)整去適應(yīng)時(shí)代的發(fā)展。利益集團(tuán)的調(diào)整包括自身的形象重塑、影響重點(diǎn)的轉(zhuǎn)移和影響策略的轉(zhuǎn)變等等,通過(guò)調(diào)整利益集團(tuán)將自身的政治活動(dòng)重新納入合法性軌道,在政黨政治逐漸衰落的大背景下,利益集團(tuán)政治的發(fā)展的空間也會(huì)越來(lái)越大,在美國(guó)政治體系所起的作用將越來(lái)越大。 通過(guò)對(duì)二戰(zhàn)后政府規(guī)制下利益集團(tuán)合法性重塑的考察,我們發(fā)現(xiàn)利益集團(tuán)遠(yuǎn)比我們想象中的“堅(jiān)強(qiáng)”,它有自己的“魅力”,美國(guó)民眾“鐘情”于它,美國(guó)政府更需要它,因此我們認(rèn)為適合的就是最好的,“存在的就是合理的”,在評(píng)價(jià)利益集團(tuán)時(shí)我們應(yīng)該拋棄意識(shí)形態(tài)的因素,客觀地認(rèn)識(shí)到利益集團(tuán)對(duì)美國(guó)民主政治的發(fā)展所起的作用。
[Abstract]:Interest group is the supplement of American representative democracy and an important part of American democratic politics.Scholars pay more attention to the theory of interest group, the influence of interest group on the separation of three powers in American political system, the argument about the good or bad of interest group, and the influence of interest group on the relationship between China and the United States.The legitimacy of interest groups is not enough concern, I take "World War II" as a node, from the perspective of government regulation of interest group legitimacy remodeling.The reason why interest groups could survive and develop in the political soil of the United States before World War II was because interest groups had a deep legal foundation in the political system of the United States, and the American people were keen to join various interest groups.The US government is also good at tapping the political potential of interest groups.Before World War II, in order to safeguard their own interests, interest groups did not hesitate to bribe government officials by means of money, beauty and other means. This undermined the political atmosphere in the United States, damaged the authority of the US government, and caused dissatisfaction among the general public.At the same time, the interest group itself is also discredited, the image is damaged seriously, leading to its legitimacy crisis.After World War II, in order to bring the activities of interest groups back into the track of legitimacy, the United States Government was painstaking. The United States Government promulgated a series of effective laws.The activities of interest groups should be controlled within the scope of the law by the way of legal regulation.Under the government regulation, interest groups are also trying to adjust themselves, through their own adjustment to adapt to the development of the times.The adjustment of interest group includes the reconstruction of its own image, the shift of influence emphasis and the change of influence strategy, and so on. By adjusting the interest group's political activities into the legitimacy track, under the background of the gradual decline of political party politics,Interest group politics will have more and more room for development and will play an increasingly important role in the American political system.Through the investigation of the remolding of the legitimacy of interest groups under government regulation after World War II, we find that interest groups are far more "strong" than we thought, that they have their own "charm", that the American people "love" it, and that the US government needs it even more.Therefore, what we think is suitable is the best, "what exists is reasonable". In evaluating interest groups, we should abandon the ideological factors and objectively recognize the role of interest groups in the development of American democratic politics.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：K712.5

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