本文選題：塞浦路斯問題　切入點：修憲危機　出處：《東北師范大學(xué)》2009年碩士論文

【摘要】： 塞浦路斯是位于地中海東南角的一個島國。第二次世界大戰(zhàn)結(jié)束以后,英國殖民者“分而治之”的統(tǒng)治政策,在塞浦路斯引發(fā)了影響深遠(yuǎn)的族群問題,同時由此還導(dǎo)致了希、土兩國在這一問題上的紛爭。1960年,塞浦路斯在《蘇黎世——倫敦協(xié)定》的“保護(hù)”下實現(xiàn)了獨立,之后,首任總統(tǒng)馬卡里奧斯為進(jìn)一步擺脫英、土、希三國的限制,最終實現(xiàn)塞浦路斯徹底獨立而在1963年年底提出了修改憲法的要求,這引發(fā)了塞浦路斯自獨立以來第一次最為嚴(yán)重的政治危機。由此,希、土兩國政府為了爭奪塞浦路斯而屢欲交火,這就必然會危及到西方陣營內(nèi)部的團(tuán)結(jié)。作為西方陣營首領(lǐng)的美國為了避免希、土兩國發(fā)生戰(zhàn)爭,維系東地中海地區(qū)的穩(wěn)定,不得不直接插手解決塞浦路斯問題。 約翰遜政府面對塞浦路斯出現(xiàn)的危機,先后派遣代理國務(wù)卿喬治·鮑爾和前國務(wù)卿艾奇遜進(jìn)行斡旋,但由于其政策的出發(fā)點本身就存在問題:不是為了從根本上解決塞浦路斯問題,實現(xiàn)塞浦路斯人民徹底獨立的要求,而是為了防止希土戰(zhàn)爭的爆發(fā),不顧塞浦路斯人民的利益去迎合希、土兩國的利益要求。因此,約翰遜政府提出的各項對策注定要以失敗而告終,與此同時還導(dǎo)致了美希、美土關(guān)系的惡化,為蘇聯(lián)介入塞浦路斯問題提供了契機。
[Abstract]:Cyprus is an island country in the southeastern corner of the Mediterranean Sea.After the end of the second World War, the British colonists' policy of "divide and rule" caused a profound ethnic problem in Cyprus, which also led to a dispute between Greece and Turkey on this issue.After Cyprus achieved its independence under the "protection" of the Zurich-London Agreement, the first President, Maka Rios, sought to further free himself from the restrictions imposed by Britain, Turkey and Greece.At the end of 1963, a request to amend the Constitution was put forward, which led to the most serious political crisis in Cyprus since independence.As a result, the Greek and Turkish governments are fighting for Cyprus, which is bound to jeopardize the unity within the Western camp.The United States, the leader of the Western camp, had to intervene directly to resolve the Cyprus problem in order to avoid a war between the two countries and to maintain stability in the eastern Mediterranean.In the face of the crisis in Cyprus, the Johnson administration sent acting Secretary of State George Bauer and former Secretary of State Acheson successively to mediate.But because the starting point of its policy is itself problematic: not for the fundamental settlement of the Cyprus problem and the demand for the complete independence of the Cypriot people, but for the purpose of preventing the outbreak of the war between Greece and Turkey,Regardless of the interests of the people of Cyprus to meet the interests of Greece and Turkey.Therefore, the countermeasures proposed by the Johnson administration were doomed to fail, and at the same time led to the deterioration of relations between America and Greece and the United States and Turkey, which provided an opportunity for the Soviet Union to intervene in the Cyprus problem.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類號】：K153

【引證文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 喬永俊;1974年塞浦路斯危機研究[D];華東師范大學(xué);2011年

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本文編號：1700834