本文選題：柏林封鎖　切入點：美國政策　出處：《首都師范大學》2007年碩士論文

【摘要】： 本文主要探討了美國應對柏林封鎖的政策。面對蘇聯(lián)的封鎖，美國政府首先做出留在柏林，進行空運的決策。爾后，在空運得以加強的基礎上，美國政府提出了通過外交談判來解決危機的政策，最終危機得以和平解決。 全文分為三章：第一章論述了柏林封鎖的兩大背景：一是美蘇冷戰(zhàn)拉開帷幕，二是美蘇在德國問題上的分歧，此外，本章還敘述了美國對蘇聯(lián)實施封鎖的早期預測和措施。第二章論述了蘇聯(lián)全面封鎖柏林后，柏林美國軍事當局和華盛頓的討論，，美國最后做出留在柏林進行空運的決策，并進一步論述了美國初期決策的特征及深層次的原因。在本章中還論述了在美英空運加強的基礎上，美英法蘇四國展開的莫斯科協(xié)商和柏林軍事長官間的協(xié)商。第三章論述了柏林城市分裂之后，在把柏林問題提交給聯(lián)合國的同時，美國采取措施加強分裂德國。1949年春，西方空運進一步加強，西方對蘇占區(qū)的經濟封鎖達到極限，西方加速建立西德國家和北約。在這種情況下，蘇聯(lián)領導者感到封鎖不能達到其目的，遂向美國發(fā)出了可以解除封鎖的暗示。美國迅速抓住了這一機會，由此雙方開始了解除封鎖的杰塞普-馬立克協(xié)商，并最終達成了解除封鎖的協(xié)定。 通過分析，本文認為，空運和外交談判是美國處理柏林危機的兩項主要政策。空運和談判都取得了成效，二者相輔相成，空運增加了談判的籌碼，談判為空運贏得了寶貴的時間。柏林危機以及它的和平解決，突出顯示了冷戰(zhàn)的特點，雖然柏林封鎖導致雙方的緊張對抗，但是雙方都留有余地，避免了正面戰(zhàn)爭，并最終通過談判解決了這一危機，這也充分體現(xiàn)了冷戰(zhàn)所具有的自我控制機制的特點。
[Abstract]:This paper mainly discusses the policy of the United States to deal with the blockade in Berlin. In the face of the blockade of the Soviet Union, the United States government first made the decision to stay in Berlin and carry out air transportation. Later, on the basis of the strengthening of air transportation, The American government put forward the policy of resolving the crisis through diplomatic negotiation, and finally the crisis was resolved peacefully. The full text is divided into three chapters: the first chapter discusses the two major backgrounds of the Berlin blockade: the beginning of the Cold War between the United States and the Soviet Union, and the differences between the United States and the Soviet Union on the German issue. This chapter also describes the early predictions and measures of the blockade imposed by the United States against the Soviet Union. Chapter two discusses the discussions between the US military authorities in Berlin and Washington after the Soviet blockade of Berlin, and the decision of the United States to stay in Berlin for air transportation. The paper also discusses the characteristics and reasons of the initial decision-making in the United States. In this chapter, it also discusses the basis of the strengthening of air transportation in the United States and the United Kingdom. The Moscow consultation between the United States, Britain, France and the Soviet Union and the consultation between the military Chiefs of Berlin. Chapter III discusses the Berlin issue after the division of the city, and at the same time referring the Berlin issue to the United Nations, the United States took measures to strengthen the division of Germany. In the spring of 1949, Western air transportation was further strengthened, the economic blockade imposed by the West on the Soviet occupation region reached its limit, and the West accelerated the establishment of West Germany and NATO. Under such circumstances, Soviet leaders felt that the blockade could not achieve its purpose. The United States quickly seized the opportunity and the two sides began the Jessup-Malik negotiations to lift the blockade and finally reached an agreement to lift it. Through analysis, this paper holds that air transportation and diplomatic negotiations are the two main policies of the United States in dealing with the Berlin crisis. The Berlin crisis and its peaceful settlement have highlighted the characteristics of the cold war. Although the Berlin blockade has led to a tense confrontation between the two sides, both sides have left room to avoid direct war. Finally, the crisis was resolved through negotiation, which fully reflects the characteristics of self-control mechanism of the cold war.
【學位授予單位】：首都師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2007
【分類號】：K153

【引證文獻】

相關碩士學位論文 前1條

1 沙治平;單極體系聯(lián)盟困境研究[D];外交學院;2010年

本文編號：1700031