本文選題：華沙起義　切入點：起義的背景　出處：《陜西師范大學(xué)》2007年碩士論文

【摘要】： 1944年的華沙起義不僅僅表現(xiàn)為一場波蘭人民爭取民族獨立的反法西斯斗爭，更為重要的是它反映了大國在東歐的爭奪和角逐。起義的失敗使“波蘭問題”在事實上得以解決。但長期以來由于歷史的原因，對“華沙起義”這一事件的研究相對薄弱，對起義爆發(fā)的原因以及對起義的評價等問題依然存在著激烈的爭論，因此研究華沙起義有著重要的意義。 在材料方面，隨著蘇聯(lián)的解體和波蘭國內(nèi)體制的轉(zhuǎn)變，有關(guān)華沙起義的大批檔案得以公開，，這為進一步研究華沙起義提供了豐富的史料；同時，隨著紀念華沙起義60周年活動的開展，大批起義參加者的回憶錄及口述材料又為研究華沙起義提供了翔實的參考資料，正是在這些材料之上本研究才得以開展。 本文主要通過對華沙起義爆發(fā)背景的分析，指出起義的發(fā)生除了國際方面的有利原因外，還有波蘭自身深刻的政治和意識形態(tài)方面的原因，起義的發(fā)生既是波蘭國內(nèi)政治斗爭的結(jié)果，也是波蘭流亡政府長期戰(zhàn)略準備的結(jié)果，起義的發(fā)生也有深刻的歷史原因。起義最終由地下政府發(fā)動，在指導(dǎo)思想上貫徹了波蘭傳統(tǒng)的“兩個敵人”原則，這些導(dǎo)致了起義有雙重的政治目標(biāo)，“在軍事上反希特勒，在政治上反對蘇聯(lián)”。由于戰(zhàn)時特殊的環(huán)境，以及流亡政府內(nèi)部的紛爭，使得起義計劃明顯帶有理想主義色彩，忽視了在地緣政治下蘇聯(lián)對波蘭的影響力，最終導(dǎo)致起義走向失敗。 起義經(jīng)過不是本文的寫作重點，但起義過程同樣重要，它不僅反映了起義組織方面存在的問題，同時也折射出了民眾對起義態(tài)度的變化，從總體上體現(xiàn)了華沙起義的性質(zhì)。 本文重點分析了盟國對華沙起義的態(tài)度，指出了英、美、蘇三大同盟在“波蘭問題”上沖突的本質(zhì)。由于二戰(zhàn)時特殊的環(huán)境決定了盟國間存在著打敗法西斯的共同利益，在這一共同利益制約下三國間展開激烈的較量，以至于威脅到大同盟的團結(jié)，但由于反法西斯共同利益的需要，最終維持了合作。大國圍繞起義展開的爭奪在一定程度上制約了盟國對起義的援助，使起義基本上處于孤立無援的狀態(tài)，注定了起義最后失敗的命運。 最后本文分析了起義的影響和起義失敗的原因，指出起義的結(jié)果改變了波蘭的歷史命運，“為‘波蘭問題’的解決提供了答案”。
[Abstract]:The Warsaw uprising of 1944 was not merely an anti-fascist struggle of the Polish people for national independence. What is more important is that it reflects the struggle and rivalry between the great powers in Eastern Europe. The failure of the uprising has actually solved the "Polish problem." but for a long time, due to historical reasons, the study of the "Warsaw uprising" has been relatively weak. There are still heated debates on the causes and evaluation of the uprising, so it is of great significance to study the Warsaw uprising. In terms of materials, with the disintegration of the Soviet Union and the transformation of the Polish domestic system, a large number of archives of the Warsaw uprising were made public, which provided rich historical data for further study of the Warsaw uprising; at the same time, With the activities of commemorating the 60th anniversary of Warsaw uprising, the memoirs and oral materials of a large number of insurrection participants provide a full and solid reference for the study of Warsaw uprising. It is on the basis of these materials that this study can be carried out. Through the analysis of the background of the Warsaw uprising, this paper points out that in addition to the favorable international reasons, Poland has its own profound political and ideological reasons. The uprising was not only the result of the political struggle in Poland, but also the result of the long-term strategic preparations of the Polish government in exile. There were also profound historical reasons for the uprising. The uprising was finally launched by the underground government. The guiding ideology carried out the traditional Polish principle of "two enemies", which led to the uprising having a dual political objective, "to oppose Hitler militarily and politically to oppose the Soviet Union"... because of the special circumstances of the war, The internal strife of the exiled government made the insurrection plan obviously idealistic and ignored the influence of the Soviet Union on Poland under geopolitics and eventually led to the defeat of the uprising. The process of uprising is not the focal point of this paper, but the process of uprising is equally important. It not only reflects the problems existing in the organization of the uprising, but also reflects the change of people's attitude towards the uprising, which reflects the nature of the Warsaw uprising in general. This paper analyzes the attitude of the allies to the Warsaw uprising, and points out the essence of the conflict between Britain, the United States and the Soviet Union on the "Polish issue." because of the special environment during the second World War, there was a common interest among the allies in defeating fascism. Under the constraints of this common interest, the three countries engaged in a fierce contest, which threatened the unity of the great alliance, but because of the need of the common interests of anti-fascism, Finally, cooperation was maintained. To some extent, the scramble of the great powers around the uprising restricted the aid of the allies to the uprising, so that the uprising was basically isolated and doomed the fate of the final defeat of the uprising. Finally, this paper analyzes the influence of the uprising and the reasons for its failure, and points out that the result of the uprising has changed the historical fate of Poland and provided an answer for the solution of the 'Polish problem'.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：陜西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2007
【分類號】：K513.4

【引證文獻】

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 李群;對二戰(zhàn)時期波蘭流亡政府的歷史考察[D];湖南師范大學(xué);2012年

本文編號：1673249