本文選題：艾森豪威爾政府　切入點(diǎn)：對(duì)外援助　出處：《復(fù)旦大學(xué)》2010年碩士論文

【摘要】： 對(duì)外援助是當(dāng)代國(guó)際關(guān)系的重要內(nèi)容之一。美國(guó)是戰(zhàn)后對(duì)外援助最早和最多的國(guó)家。對(duì)外援助政策已經(jīng)成為美國(guó)外交政策的核心內(nèi)容之一,是美國(guó)推行對(duì)外政策、實(shí)現(xiàn)國(guó)家利益的重要工具。美國(guó)的外援政策是動(dòng)態(tài)的、不斷變化的。不同的歷史時(shí)期或政府任期,美國(guó)對(duì)外援助的類型、項(xiàng)目構(gòu)成、地理分布、附加條件等等都有所不同。 目前,人們對(duì)于艾森豪威爾政府(1953—1961年)對(duì)外援助的了解并不多。隨著艾森豪威爾時(shí)期檔案的解密開放,我們有機(jī)會(huì)更真實(shí)、更深刻地去探究其政策出臺(tái)的背景、過程及其變化,尤其是在弗蘭西斯·福山提出要“重視歷史”以及冷戰(zhàn)國(guó)際關(guān)系學(xué)日益發(fā)展的當(dāng)下。 本文試從國(guó)際關(guān)系的視角,選取艾森豪威爾政府(1953—1961年)的對(duì)外援助政策作為研究對(duì)象,對(duì)美國(guó)在冷戰(zhàn)對(duì)峙的高峰階段,采取怎樣的外援政策,效果如何,外援又是怎樣適應(yīng)美國(guó)對(duì)外政策的總體目標(biāo),為何調(diào)整等問題進(jìn)行研究和分析。試圖從結(jié)果和過程看原因,從對(duì)外援助政策在冷戰(zhàn)中的運(yùn)用,來探討美國(guó)實(shí)行對(duì)外援助政策的動(dòng)機(jī),檢驗(yàn)博弈理論中的安全困境問題。 本文分為五個(gè)部分：第一部分導(dǎo)論,從外援概念的厘定以及美國(guó)外援的類型等方面概述了冷戰(zhàn)時(shí)期的美國(guó)對(duì)外援助,綜述了國(guó)內(nèi)外對(duì)冷戰(zhàn)期間,特別是艾森豪威爾政府(1953—1961年)對(duì)外援助的研究現(xiàn)狀,明確了本項(xiàng)研究的意義；第二部分考察了艾森豪威爾第一屆政府(1953—1957年)外援政策的主要內(nèi)容,與杜魯門政府相比,外援規(guī)模大幅削減,形式上仍以軍事援助為主；第三部分考察了艾森豪威爾第二屆政府(1957—1961年)外援政策的主要內(nèi)容,與第一屆政府相比,從以軍事援助為主轉(zhuǎn)向以經(jīng)濟(jì)援助為主；第四部分從國(guó)際政治、國(guó)內(nèi)政治以及總統(tǒng)個(gè)人因素三個(gè)層面出發(fā),深入分析了艾森豪威爾政府對(duì)外援助政策調(diào)整的動(dòng)因；第五部分結(jié)語,得出艾森豪威爾政府外援政策調(diào)整的根本性因素,是為了維護(hù)并實(shí)現(xiàn)冷戰(zhàn)期間美國(guó)的國(guó)家利益,無論哪種形式的外援都附有明確的政治目的。
[Abstract]:Foreign aid is one of the important content of contemporary international relations. The United States is the foreign aid, the earliest and most countries. Foreign aid policy has become one of the core content of American foreign policy, is the implementation of the United States foreign policy, an important tool to realize the national interests of the United States. The foreign aid policy is dynamic, changing the different. The historical period or administration, types of American foreign aid projects, geographical distribution, conditions and so on are different.
At present, the Eisenhower government (1953 - 1961) not many foreign aid understanding. Along with the Eisenhower archives decryption open, we have the opportunity to more real, more deeply to explore the policy background, process and change, especially in Francis Fukuyama proposed to "pay attention to history" and the cold war international relations the development of the moment.
This article from the perspective of international relations, from the Eisenhower Administration (1953 - 1961) of the foreign assistance policy as the research object, to the United States in the peak period of the cold war, how to take effect to foreign aid, foreign aid policy, and how to adapt to the overall goal of American foreign policy, research and analyze why trying to change. Look at the reasons from the result and process, from the use of foreign aid policy during the cold war, and to discuss the implementation of foreign aid policy motivation, test the security dilemma in game theory.
This paper is divided into five parts: the first part is the introduction, from the concept of American foreign aid and foreign aid determining type is reviewed in the U.S. Cold War foreign aid was reviewed. During the cold war, especially the Eisenhower Administration (1953 - 1961) the research status of foreign aid, clarifies the significance of the research; second the first part of the study of Eisenhower government (1953 - 1957) the main content of foreign aid policy, compared with the Truman government, the scale of foreign aid cuts, the form is still mainly military assistance; the third part studies the second Eisenhower Administration (1957 - 1961) the main content of foreign aid policy, compared with the first session of the government, from the military aid to economic assistance; the fourth part from the three aspects of international politics, domestic politics and the president's personal factors, in-depth analysis of the Essen Motivation of foreign aid policy adjustment Howell government; the fifth part is conclusion, the fundamental factors that Eisenhower government foreign aid policy adjustment, is in the national interests of the United States during the maintenance and implementation of the cold war, either in the form of foreign aid have a clear political purpose.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：復(fù)旦大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號(hào)】：D871.2;K712.54

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