本文選題：馬來亞　切入點：殖民統(tǒng)治時期　出處：《云南大學(xué)》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：在英國入侵馬來亞內(nèi)部之前,馬來亞是處于封建分封統(tǒng)治之下。盡管葡萄牙于16世紀(jì)初就占領(lǐng)了馬六甲城,但直至19世紀(jì)70年代中葉之前,馬來亞的社會結(jié)構(gòu)基本是穩(wěn)定的。15世紀(jì)初到19世紀(jì)末,馬來亞土地名義上的最高所有者是蘇丹、嚴(yán)端或羅閣。土侯從蘇丹手中獲得封地,這些封建主在自己的封區(qū)內(nèi)操持行政、經(jīng)濟(jì)、司法大權(quán),是該地的全權(quán)統(tǒng)治者。土侯又把土地分封給較小的封建主。蘇丹和土侯都以甘榜(村社)統(tǒng)治為基礎(chǔ)。在蘇丹把土地封賜給土侯時,土地的自主權(quán)也就轉(zhuǎn)移到土侯的手中,土侯就有權(quán)向境內(nèi)的農(nóng)民征收產(chǎn)品的十分之一作為地租。馬來耕作者并不關(guān)心誰擁有對土地的最原始與最高的權(quán)利,占有權(quán)對于他們來說才是真正重要的。而以土地私有權(quán)為基礎(chǔ)的、以租佃關(guān)系為特征的地主土地所有制是在19世紀(jì)末20世紀(jì)初才真正形成。占領(lǐng)馬來亞的九個土邦之后,由于馬來亞特殊的傳統(tǒng)土地占有習(xí)慣,蘇丹、嚴(yán)端或羅閣仍然是土地名義上的最高占有者,但實際上一切與土地出租相關(guān)的問題完全是由殖民當(dāng)局所決定的。掠奪大量土地,宣布為英國皇家所有；且把征收農(nóng)業(yè)稅的權(quán)利收歸殖民政府,強迫馬來亞農(nóng)民為他們承擔(dān)一系列的義務(wù)。隨著資本主義關(guān)系的進(jìn)一步發(fā)展,種植園經(jīng)濟(jì)在馬來亞的土地制度中產(chǎn)生了重要影響。這不僅對當(dāng)時的馬來社會造成了負(fù)面的影響,而且這種土地制度的影響至今還沒有消除。本文以殖民統(tǒng)治時期的土地制度為主線,對馬來亞土地制度的形成、演變、特點進(jìn)行較為深入的探討。
[Abstract]:Before the British invasion of Malaya, Malaya was under feudal enfeoffment. Although Portugal occupied the city of Malacca at the beginning of 16th century, it was not until the middle of 1870s, The social structure of Malaya was basically stable. From the beginning of the 15th century to the end of 19th century, the nominal supreme owner of Malayan land was Sudan, Yan Duan or Roku. The economy, the judicial power, is the sole ruler of the land. The land is also distributed to smaller feudal masters. Both Sudan and Turkey are based on the rule of Kampang (village community). When the Sudan granted the land to the soil, The autonomy of the land was transferred to the hands of the duhou, who had the right to collect 1/10 of the products from the peasants in the land as rent. The Malay writers did not care who had the most original and highest rights to the land. Possession was what really mattered to them. And the landlords' ownership of land, based on private land ownership and characterized by tenancy relations, came into being in late 19th century and early 20th century. After the occupation of the nine states of Malaya, As a result of Malayan's special traditional land occupation customs, Sudan, Yan Duan or Rogue are still nominally the highest occupants of land, but in reality all problems related to land rental are entirely decided by the colonial authorities... Plunder a large amount of land. Declared to be the Crown of England and relegated to the colonial government the right to levy agricultural taxes, forcing Malayan farmers to take on a series of obligations for them. The plantation economy had an important impact on Malaya's land system, which not only had a negative impact on Malay society at that time, And the influence of this kind of land system has not been eliminated up to now. This article takes the land system of colonial rule as the main line, discusses the formation, evolution and characteristic of Malaya land system deeply.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：云南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：K338.4;F301.1

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本文編號：1626926