本文選題：亞歷山大　切入點(diǎn)：東方政策　出處：《華中師范大學(xué)》2009年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】： 亞歷山大是人類歷史上最偉大的征服者之一,從公元前334年到公元前323年,亞歷山大通過軍事征服建立了一個(gè)橫跨歐、亞、非三大洲的大帝國(guó)。在東征過程中,亞歷山大對(duì)被征服地區(qū)的態(tài)度、對(duì)帝國(guó)的管理方式以及亞歷山大的征服目標(biāo)等等,無不體現(xiàn)在其東方政策上。本文以亞歷山大的征服路線為綱,將亞歷山大的東方政策分為四個(gè)階段:從小亞細(xì)亞到埃及為泛希臘復(fù)仇政策宣傳階段、從美索不達(dá)米亞到波斯波利斯為東方政策的轉(zhuǎn)折階段、在中亞和北印度為“亞洲之王”階段、西歸途中為專制君主階段。 從小亞細(xì)亞到埃及這一階段,亞歷山大打著報(bào)復(fù)波斯、解放希臘的旗號(hào)在小亞細(xì)亞的占領(lǐng)城市推翻僭主、建立民主,進(jìn)行了泛希臘宣傳,極力為這場(chǎng)侵略戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)塑造正義性;從美索不達(dá)米亞到波斯波利斯,亞歷山大在高伽美拉戰(zhàn)役中大敗大流士,并以一種異乎尋常的方式——將波斯波利斯付之一炬,宣告了波斯帝國(guó)的滅亡和復(fù)仇戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的結(jié)束;在中亞和北印度,鑒于地形和氣候的特殊性以及客觀形勢(shì)的變化,亞歷山大采取了與當(dāng)?shù)貦?quán)貴合流的政策,為實(shí)現(xiàn)亞洲之王的野心奠定了基礎(chǔ);在西歸途中,為了強(qiáng)化個(gè)人的絕對(duì)權(quán)力,亞歷山大的東方化傾向更加嚴(yán)重。在軍隊(duì)中,亞歷山大大量招募東方人入伍,并給予他們較高的職位;在禮儀方面,亞歷山大大力仿效波斯帝王。同時(shí),在蘇撒舉行了馬其頓人和伊朗婦女的大型集體婚禮;公元前324年,亞歷山大借著東方人的支持,鎮(zhèn)壓了馬其頓軍隊(duì)在歐皮斯的暴動(dòng)。西歸途中種種跡象表明,亞歷山大的王權(quán)已經(jīng)大大強(qiáng)化,他已經(jīng)由原先的馬其頓國(guó)王變成帝國(guó)的專制君主了。 綜觀亞歷山大在征服當(dāng)中的東方政策,其實(shí)質(zhì)是一步一步加強(qiáng)其個(gè)人權(quán)力的過程。可見,在東方政策上,亞歷山大是一個(gè)實(shí)用主義者。但是,亞歷山大本人也不乏英雄主義情結(jié),例如:國(guó)王把自己比作特洛伊戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)中的英雄阿喀硫斯,并不斷地與狄奧尼索斯比附等。因此,筆者認(rèn)為,在東方政策上,亞歷山大是一個(gè)懷著英雄情結(jié)的實(shí)用主義者。
[Abstract]:Alexander was one of the greatest conquerors in human history. From 334 BC to 323 BC, Alexander built a great empire across Europe, Asia and Africa through military conquest. Alexander's attitude towards the conquered region, his management of the empire and his conquest objectives are all reflected in his oriental policy. Alexander's oriental policy is divided into four stages: from Asia minor to Egypt for the pan-Greek revenge policy propaganda stage, from Mesopotamia to Persepolis as the turning point of the oriental policy. In Central Asia and North India for the "king of Asia" stage, the return to the west for the despotic stage. From Asia minor to Egypt, Alexander took revenge against Persia, liberated Greece in the name of overthrowing tyrants in the occupied cities of Asia minor, established democracy, carried out pan-Greek propaganda, and tried to create justice for this war of aggression. From Mesopotamia to Persepolis, Alexander defeated Darius at the Battle of Gogamela and, in an unusual way, set Persepolis on fire, declaring the end of the Persian Empire and the war of vengeance; In Central Asia and North India, in view of the particularity of the terrain and climate and the changes in the objective situation, Alexander adopted a policy of confluence with local dignitaries, laying the foundation for the realization of the ambition of the king of Asia; on his way back to the west, In order to strengthen the absolute power of the individual, Alexander's tendency towards Orientalization became more serious. In the army, Alexander recruited Orientals in large numbers and gave them higher positions; in ceremonial terms, Alexander followed the example of the Persian emperor. At the same time, he held a large mass wedding of Macedonian and Iranian women in Sousa; in 324 BC, Alexander took advantage of the support of the Orientals. After repressing the Macedonian army's uprising in Oppis, there were signs on the way back to the west that Alexander's Wang Quan had intensified greatly, and that he had changed from the Macedonian king to an imperial autocratic monarch. The essence of Alexander's oriental policy during the conquest was a process of strengthening his personal power step by step. It can be seen that Alexander was a pragmatist in oriental policy. Alexander himself did not lack heroism, for example: the king likened himself to the hero of the Trojan War, Achatius, and constantly compared himself to Dionysus. Alexander was a pragmatist with a heroic complex.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：華中師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2009
【分類號(hào)】：K124

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相關(guān)期刊論文 前5條

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