本文選題：第四階層　切入點：奉獻者　出處：《四川大學(xué)》2007年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】： 有關(guān)女性權(quán)利的問題第一次被給予足夠的重視的時間可以追溯到啟蒙運動時期。大約從17世紀中期到18世紀中期,關(guān)于女性解放主義和平等主義的思潮就在整個歐洲的各階層女性中傳播開來;她們中又包含著貴族階層,社會中等階層,以及普通的大眾勞動階層。以前有關(guān)女性應(yīng)該只能為男性而存在的由來已久的觀點受到了質(zhì)疑和挑戰(zhàn)。在教育領(lǐng)域,職業(yè)領(lǐng)域以及政治權(quán)利領(lǐng)域,越來越多的婦女開始取得相對以往的遭遇來說更為平等的機會;不過這種平等性在職業(yè)與政治領(lǐng)域來說還是相當有限的,但這也是一種進步。 1642年到1649年發(fā)生在英國的工業(yè)革命,是這場啟蒙運動的一個里程碑,也是本文的開篇之處。作為啟蒙運動的發(fā)源地之一,英國見證了婦女最早開始對她們的社會地位和角色提出質(zhì)疑的時期。而本文所討論的婦女們發(fā)生的最根本的變化也源于當時社會的根本——基督教的變化,這也是當時英國社會的精神規(guī)范準則。所以,本文將首先著眼于婦女在宗教方面發(fā)生的改變,主要討論其在宗教機構(gòu)中所擔任的角色的變化。 其次,因為意識形態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)變,整個社會展現(xiàn)出來的景致也和以前大相徑庭,這些發(fā)生了變化的方面也將在本文中一一呈現(xiàn);包括婦女在社會生活的法律地位方面,政治及經(jīng)濟權(quán)利方面等。在這一部分中,文章將運用對比與比較的方法分析當時幾個較為典型的不列顛城市,以便將整個英國社會作為一個變化了的社會整體進行更好的觀察。在這幾個作為典型代表的城市中,本文將著重于婦女是如何察覺她們在社會中的不利地位,以及她們是如何從前面已經(jīng)提及的法律,政治,經(jīng)濟等方面做出反應(yīng)。 再次,本文將在此按照時間順序,切入18世紀。這是一個見證了婦女緩慢而堅定的社會活動變化和職業(yè)變化的時代,而這些變化中的一些甚至一直持續(xù)到了今天的現(xiàn)代社會。對于婦女在父權(quán)社會中所處的不利位置來看,這確實并非一個簡單容易的過程,它包含著太多的那個時代女性的可見和不可見的奮斗和努力。本文將按照階級劃分的方法,分別觀察分析貴族,中等階層和勞動階層的女性,以期取得更為貼近的視角,及更為客觀的觀察結(jié)果。 本文內(nèi)容的結(jié)束時間大約在1750年前后,這是“早期現(xiàn)代”的結(jié)束時間,也是啟蒙運動漸漸遠去的時間。作為本文的最后一部分,這里的重點將集中在婦女所得到的進一步延伸的法律認可地位,政治權(quán)利,經(jīng)濟角色,社會活動,以及職業(yè)情況和受教育情況。在這一部分,本文也將呈現(xiàn)與文學(xué)創(chuàng)作相關(guān)的英國婦女,雖然當時的文學(xué)還不是真正意義上的文學(xué),但她們?yōu)槠浜髞淼耐袀冮_辟了一片嶄新的天地,也為整個人類文學(xué)事業(yè)的發(fā)展立下了汗馬功勞。從此,女性開始從事文學(xué)創(chuàng)作,而從事文學(xué)創(chuàng)作的女性開始被廣泛的接受。 雖然從17世紀中期到18世紀中期,英國婦女的社會地位很大程度上缺乏法律的有力保障,但英國的婦女們找到了適合自我發(fā)展及自我解放的道路。英國婦女確實是當時社會的第四階層,也確實是當時社會的巨大財富。她們的奮斗和努力對后來的女性主義解放運動意義重大。
[Abstract]:The issue of women's rights was first given enough attention to the time can be traced back to the enlightenment. From about mid seventeenth Century to mid eighteenth Century on women's Liberation doctrine and egalitarian country in the whole of Europe spread among women in all sectors; they also contains the aristocratic class, the middle class, as well as ordinary the working class people. Before, women should only exist for men's long-standing view has been questioned and challenged. In the field of education, occupation and political rights, more and more women began to gain relative to the previous experience is more equal opportunity; but this equality in occupation and political field is still quite limited, but it is also a kind of progress.
From 1642 to 1649, the industrial revolution in Britain, this is a milepost of enlightenment, but also in the beginning. As one of the birthplace of the enlightenment, Britain witnessed women began to question the period of their social status and roles. This paper discusses the change of women occurred the most fundamental change is originated from the social foundation of Christianity, this is also the time of the British Society of mental criterion. Therefore, this paper will first focus in religion to women's change, mainly discusses the change of its role in the religious institutions.
Secondly, because of the transition of ideology, the social scene and used to be quite different, these changes will also be presented one by one in this thesis; including the legal status of women in social life, political and economic rights. In this part, the article will use the method of comparison and analysis at that time, several typical British city, in order to observe the entire British society as a change of the whole society better. In these typical city, this paper will focus on how women are aware of their disadvantageous position in society, and how they have been mentioned from the front of the law, the political, economic and other aspects of response.
Again, this paper will according to the time order, starting in eighteenth Century. This is a witness to the women's slow and steady social activity and occupation times of change, and these changes in some even until today's modern society. For the position of women in the patriarchal society, it does not a simple and easy process, it contains the women of that era too many visible and invisible struggle and hard work. This paper will be in accordance with the class classification method, respectively, to observe and analyze the noble women of middle class and working class, in order to get closer to the angle of view, and more objective observation results.
The end time of the content of this paper is about before and after 1750, this is "the end of the early modern time", but also the enlightenment disappearing time. As the last part of this paper, the focus here will focus in the further extension of the legal recognition of women's status, political rights, economic role, social activities, and occupation the situation and education. In this part, the paper will also present the related literature of British women, though the literature is not the true sense of the literature, but they later colleagues to open up a new world, but also for the development of the entire human literary career made distinctions won in battle. Since then, women began to engage in literary creation and literary women began to be widely accepted.
Although from mid seventeenth Century to mid eighteenth Century, the lack of effective legal protection of the social status of women in the UK largely, but the British women found suitable for self development and self liberation road. British women was fourth in social class, also is great wealth when society indeed. They struggle and hard work of later the feminist liberation movement of great significance.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：四川大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2007
【分類號】：K561.4

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本文編號：1572982