本文選題：近代化　切入點：二元性　出處：《東北師范大學(xué)》2011年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：日本戰(zhàn)時統(tǒng)制體制的形成有著深厚的社會背景。明治維新之后,日本制定了大陸政策,但是日本由于國家權(quán)力掌控的二元化和經(jīng)濟結(jié)構(gòu)的二元化難以將人力、物力和財力結(jié)合起來服務(wù)于對外擴張政策,因此建立戰(zhàn)時統(tǒng)制體制成為軍部的迫切需要。在第一次世界大戰(zhàn)之后到“九·一八”事變之前,日本社會正處于轉(zhuǎn)型期,政黨政治產(chǎn)生的困惑、經(jīng)濟危機和外交環(huán)境的相對惡化成為縈繞在這一時期的日本人心頭的烏云,日本社會迫切需要做出改變。對政黨政治和國家體制的不滿,導(dǎo)致了自由主義開始衰落,保守主義迅速復(fù)活,國家改造思想興盛起來。日本軍部“統(tǒng)制派”就是利用了民眾的不滿情緒,在“總體戰(zhàn)”思想的指導(dǎo)下,結(jié)合日本社會的實際,逐步建立起了戰(zhàn)時統(tǒng)制體制。 日本的戰(zhàn)時統(tǒng)制體制經(jīng)歷了準(zhǔn)戰(zhàn)時統(tǒng)制體制、國家總動員體制,大政翼贊體制等發(fā)展階段�？傮w戰(zhàn)中的“戰(zhàn)爭至上主義”和“國家至上主義”對日本建立戰(zhàn)時統(tǒng)制體制起到了理論指導(dǎo)的作用。軍部為了實現(xiàn)“舉國一致”和“一億總組織化”進而應(yīng)對戰(zhàn)爭中總體戰(zhàn)形勢的發(fā)展的需要,必須建立以軍部為主導(dǎo)的統(tǒng)制體制。于是軍部解散政黨,建立大政翼贊會,從政府的內(nèi)閣成員到地區(qū)部落會成員都被包含在大政翼贊會之中,又通過翼贊選舉,逐步控制了議會,這樣政治統(tǒng)制就建立起來了。同時,通過制定《重要工業(yè)統(tǒng)制法》等法令,以同財閥建立“軍財抱合”的形式將經(jīng)濟迅速軍事化,從而建立起對經(jīng)濟的統(tǒng)制。通過頒布《言論出版集會臨時取締法》建立對思想言論的控制。通過新建產(chǎn)業(yè)報國會,大日本婦人會和利用原有的在鄉(xiāng)軍人會等將民眾組織起來,加強對人身、行動和思想的控制。由此建立了全方位的戰(zhàn)時統(tǒng)制體制。 日本的戰(zhàn)敗標(biāo)志著戰(zhàn)時統(tǒng)制體制的終結(jié)。戰(zhàn)時統(tǒng)制體制嚴(yán)重地打亂了日本社會秩序,給日本社會帶來嚴(yán)重危害,其所服務(wù)的侵略戰(zhàn)爭給亞洲人民帶來巨大傷害,同時使日本的近代化迅速倒退。日本戰(zhàn)時統(tǒng)制體制不僅是軍部法西斯化的結(jié)果,同時也是近代化矛盾的一次集中爆發(fā),這樣的認(rèn)識有助于我們更加全面地把握這一歷史問題。
[Abstract]:The formation of Japan's wartime system of control had a profound social background. After the Meiji Restoration, Japan formulated a continental policy, but it was difficult for Japan to turn manpower into a dual system of state power and economic structure. The combination of material resources and financial resources to serve the foreign expansion policy made it an urgent need to establish a wartime system of control. After the first World War and before the September 18 incident, Japanese society was undergoing a period of transformation. The confusion of party politics, the economic crisis and the relative deterioration of the diplomatic environment have become a dark cloud in the minds of the Japanese who haunted this period, and Japanese society urgently needs to make changes. This led to the decline of liberalism, the rapid revival of conservatism, and the flourishing of the idea of national transformation. The Japanese military Command's "controlling faction" took advantage of the discontent of the people, guided by the idea of "general war", and combined with the reality of Japanese society. The wartime control system was gradually established. Japan's wartime control system experienced a quasi-wartime system of control, a national general mobilization system, The "war supremacy" and "national supremacy" in the general war have played a theoretical role in guiding Japan's establishment of a wartime system of control. In 100 million, the General Organization "then responded to the needs of the development of the overall war situation in the war," It was necessary to establish a system of command led by the military headquarters. So the military department dissolved the political parties and established the political wing and praises association, which included members of the cabinet of the Government and members of the regional tribal associations, and were elected through the wing of the political wing. With the gradual control of the Parliament, political control was established. At the same time, the economy was rapidly militarized through the enactment of decrees such as the Law on the Control of Major Industries, and the establishment of a "military and financial confluence" with the chaebol. Thus establishing a system of control over the economy. Through the promulgation of the Law on the temporary Prohibition of speech, publication, and Assembly, the establishment of control over thought and speech. Through the New Industry for the National Association, the Great Japanese Women's Association, and the use of the former commune soldiers' associations, the masses were organized. Strengthen the control of person, action and thought. Japan's defeat marked the end of the wartime system of control, which seriously disrupted Japanese social order and caused serious harm to Japanese society. The war of aggression it served caused great harm to the people of Asia. Japan's wartime control system is not only the result of the fascism of the military headquarters, but also a centralized outbreak of the contradiction of modernization. This understanding helps us to grasp this historical problem more comprehensively.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2011
【分類號】：K313

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本文編號：1572548