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  本文關鍵詞： 蘇聯(lián) 美國 捷克斯洛伐克 政策　出處：《陜西師范大學》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：20世紀40年代,捷克斯洛伐克歷史進程的一個重要特征是一步步向蘇聯(lián)靠攏,并最終建立了“準斯大林體制”,徹底的疏遠了美國,這一歷史進程與蘇美兩國對外戰(zhàn)略的轉變、蘇美對東歐政策的轉變是一致的。二戰(zhàn)后,蘇美在東歐的政治軍事存在,決定著其在捷克斯洛伐克事務中的發(fā)言權。伴隨著戰(zhàn)后國際形勢的變化,蘇美兩國逐漸由合作走向了對抗,蘇美兩國加緊了對東歐各國的滲透和控制,特別是對軍工產業(yè)比較發(fā)達的捷克斯洛伐克。 本文以國內外對捷克斯洛伐克研究為基礎,結合搜集到的有關資料,試圖對1942—1948年捷克斯洛伐克歷史進程中的美蘇因素進行一番闡釋。論文共分為四個部分。 第一部分論述了1942-1945年間,蘇美對捷克斯洛伐克政治進程影響。捷克斯洛伐克被德國占領后,在國外存在著兩股政治力量,一個是捷共,一個是貝奈斯流亡政府。由于意識形態(tài)和國際環(huán)境原因,捷共借助蘇聯(lián)的力量迅速的成長壯大,而貝奈斯流亡政府也在英美的支持下成為了一支重要的政治力量。蘇美影響下的捷共和非共,在蘇美合作的大環(huán)境下共同決定著捷克斯洛伐克的政治進程。 第二部分主要論述戰(zhàn)后撤軍問題和在馬歇爾計劃中蘇美的政策。戰(zhàn)后蘇美兩國出于自身利益考慮,決定同時撤出在捷克斯洛伐克的軍隊。之后,美國出于復興和控制歐洲的目的,拋出了歐洲經濟復興的馬歇爾計劃。雖然蘇聯(lián)和東歐國家都十分愿意加入計劃,但最終由于斯大林認為馬歇爾計劃,存在危害蘇聯(lián)國家利益的目的而決定放棄參加計劃,并且要求與其關系密切的東歐、南歐國家也拒絕參加。蘇美間的對抗開始在對捷克斯洛伐克政策中體現(xiàn)。 第三部分主要論述了“二月事件”時期蘇美對捷克斯洛伐克政策。在蘇美走向冷戰(zhàn)的大環(huán)境下,捷克斯洛伐克國內的兩大政治派別也進行了爭權斗爭。最終,捷共在斯大林的堅決支持下,通過“二月事件”成功的將貝奈斯非共產黨集團排擠出了捷克斯洛伐克政治舞臺。 第四部分主要論述了捷克斯洛伐克“二月事件”后蘇美對其政策。二月事件后,捷共成為了捷克斯洛伐克的執(zhí)政黨,捷共在外交上主要依靠的是蘇聯(lián),捷蘇關系走向密切。美國此時改變了以往的對捷政策開始利用“非軍事手段”對捷進行制裁,希望迫使捷克斯洛伐克就范,結果導致了捷克斯洛伐克徹底倒向了蘇聯(lián)。
[Abstract]:In 1940s, an important feature of Czechoslovakia's historical process was that it drew closer to the Soviet Union step by step, and finally established the "quasi-Stalin system", which completely alienated the United States. The Soviet Union and the United States' change of policy towards Eastern Europe is consistent. After World War II, the Soviet and American political and military presence in Eastern Europe determined its say in Czechoslovakia affairs. With the changes in the postwar international situation, The Soviet Union and the United States gradually moved from cooperation to confrontation, and the Soviet Union and the United States stepped up their infiltration and control over the countries of Eastern Europe, especially Czechoslovakia, where the military industry is relatively developed. Based on the study of Czechoslovakia at home and abroad and the relevant data collected, this paper attempts to explain the American and Soviet factors in the historical process of Czechoslovakia from 1942-1948. The paper is divided into four parts. The first part discusses the influence of the Soviet Union and the United States on the political process of Czechoslovakia from 1942-1945. After Czechoslovakia was occupied by Germany, there were two political forces abroad, one of which was the Czech Communist Party. One is the exiled government of Benes. Because of ideology and the international environment, the Czech Republic has grown rapidly with the help of the Soviet Union. Under the influence of the Soviet Union and the United States, the Czech Republic, the African Republic and the Communist Party jointly decided the political process of Czechoslovakia under the environment of the cooperation between the Soviet Union and the United States. The second part mainly discusses the issue of withdrawal after the war and the policy of the Soviet Union and the United States in the Marshall Plan. After the war, the Soviet Union and the United States decided to withdraw their troops in Czechoslovakia at the same time for their own interests. For the purpose of reviving and controlling Europe, the United States threw out the Marshall Plan for the economic revival of Europe. Although both the Soviet Union and the Eastern European countries were willing to join the plan, eventually Stalin thought that the Marshall Plan, The Soviet-American confrontation began to be reflected in the Czechoslovakia policy, as did Eastern Europe, which has close ties to the Soviet Union, and southern Europe, for the purpose of jeopardizing the Soviet Union's national interests. The third part mainly discusses the Soviet-American policy toward Czechoslovakia during the "February incident". Under the environment of the Soviet Union and the United States moving towards the Cold War, the two major political factions in Czechoslovakia also fought for power. With Stalin's firm support, the CPZ successfully excluded the non-Communist Party of Benes from the Czechoslovak political arena through the events of February. The 4th part mainly discusses the Soviet and American policies towards Czechoslovakia after the "February incident". After the February incident, the CPC became the ruling party of Czechoslovakia, and the CPZ mainly relied on the Soviet Union in its diplomacy. Czechoslovakia became closer. The United States changed its previous policy towards Czech Republic and began to use "non-military means" to impose sanctions on Czechoslovakia in the hope of forcing Czechoslovakia to submit to the Soviet Union, which led to Czechoslovakia's total reversal to the Soviet Union.
【學位授予單位】：陜西師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：D815;K514.5

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本文編號：1556146