本文關(guān)鍵詞： 士兵退役文書 尤利烏斯—克勞狄王朝 公民兵 募兵制 老兵政策　出處：《東北師范大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著共和國對外戰(zhàn)爭的發(fā)展,羅馬公民兵制的弊端日漸明顯,馬略軍事改革征募大量無產(chǎn)者,改變了數(shù)百年的公民兵制,羅馬共和國末期進(jìn)入軍事將領(lǐng)獨(dú)裁的內(nèi)戰(zhàn)時(shí)期。奧古斯都作為愷撒的合法繼承人通過靈活的政治手腕和強(qiáng)大的軍事力量結(jié)束了近半個(gè)世紀(jì)的內(nèi)戰(zhàn),以勝利者的姿態(tài)統(tǒng)治著整個(gè)帝國,對自內(nèi)戰(zhàn)以來集結(jié)的軍隊(duì)進(jìn)行了適當(dāng)?shù)牟脺p以適合羅馬帝國的發(fā)展,同時(shí)建立了合理的老兵福利政策安排裁減的30萬士兵。他的老兵福利政策意在防止獨(dú)裁將領(lǐng)進(jìn)行利益誘惑,或是士兵因生活無法保障而反叛,避免了再次將帝國拖回內(nèi)戰(zhàn)的深淵。他的繼承者們繼承發(fā)展了他的老兵福利政策,本文擬根據(jù)現(xiàn)存古典文獻(xiàn)及銘文史料對尤利烏斯—克勞狄王朝時(shí)期的老兵福利政策加以深入探討,論述內(nèi)容如下:引言部分,尤利烏斯—克勞狄王朝作為共和國的送葬者和帝國的開啟者,手握軍隊(duì)這把“利劍”時(shí)面對如何“收劍”的問題;同時(shí)介紹了古典時(shí)期關(guān)于羅馬史的研究史料并且從中厘清有關(guān)羅馬軍事史研究的相關(guān)史料,特別是六篇尤利烏斯—克勞狄王朝時(shí)期的士兵退役文書為本文研究提供銘文史料進(jìn)而與文獻(xiàn)史料相互佐證。第一部分,敘述了老兵福利政策的淵源:王政時(shí)期第六王塞爾維烏斯·圖利烏斯(Servius Tullius)根據(jù)財(cái)產(chǎn)的多寡把市民劃分五個(gè)等級,五個(gè)等級之外的無產(chǎn)者組成百人隊(duì)作為隨軍的雜役;共和國時(shí)期隨著對外戰(zhàn)爭的發(fā)展給與公民兵一定的薪金,馬略軍事改革后大量無產(chǎn)者以當(dāng)兵為職業(yè),共和國后期獨(dú)裁將領(lǐng)建立殖民地安置老兵,分發(fā)給老兵戰(zhàn)利品。第二部分,探討尤利烏斯—克勞狄王朝時(shí)期的老兵福利政策:主要從土地分配、固定薪金、羅馬公民權(quán)、婚姻等方面論述尤利烏斯—克勞狄王朝如何繼承共和的傳統(tǒng)同時(shí)又開啟帝國的模式。第三部分,評析尤利烏斯—克勞狄王朝老兵福利政策對當(dāng)時(shí)及后世的影響。尤利烏斯—克勞狄王朝時(shí)期老兵福利政策不是一蹴而就也不是一成不變的絕對政策,在尤利烏斯—克勞狄王朝諸帝吸收共和國時(shí)期公民兵制和共和國末期將領(lǐng)獨(dú)裁經(jīng)驗(yàn)的基礎(chǔ)上逐漸形成,但是隨著帝國的發(fā)展,老兵福利政策又要適應(yīng)實(shí)際需要適時(shí)進(jìn)行調(diào)整,尤利烏斯—克勞狄王朝作為共和國的送葬者和帝國的開拓者起著承上啟下的作用。
[Abstract]:With the development of the Republic's foreign war, the drawbacks of the Roman civil service became more and more obvious. The Marlowe military reform conscripted a large number of proletarians and changed the civil military system for hundreds of years. The end of the Roman Republic entered a period of civil war in which military generals were dictatorial. Augustus, as the legitimate heir to Caesar, ended nearly half a century of civil war with flexible political skill and great military might. Ruled the whole empire victorious, and reduced the troops assembled since the Civil War to suit the development of the Roman Empire, At the same time, a reasonable veterans welfare policy has been established to arrange for the reduction of 300,000 soldiers. His veterans' welfare policy is intended to prevent authoritarian generals from enticing them to profit, or soldiers to rebel because of the insecurity of their lives. To avoid dragging the empire back into the Civil War. His successors inherited and developed his veterans' welfare policy. Based on the existing classical literature and historical materials, this article intends to explore the welfare policy of veterans in Ulius Claudius dynasty. The contents are as follows: introduction, As the mourner of the Republic and the opener of the empire, the Ulius-Claudius dynasty faced the problem of how to "collect the sword" while holding the "sword" of the army. At the same time, it introduces the historical materials of the study of Roman history in the classical period and clarifies the relevant historical materials about the study of Roman military history. In particular, six papers on the retirement of soldiers during the Ulius-Claudius dynasty provide the study with historical materials in inscriptions and then support each other with the historical materials of the literature. The first part, The origin of veterans' welfare policy is described as follows: 6th King Servius Tullius, king of the king's government, divided the citizens into five classes according to the size of their property, and the proletarians who were not in the five ranks formed a hundred men as miscellaneous service with the army; During the period of the Republic, with the development of the foreign war, a large number of proletarians were employed as soldiers after the military reform. In the late period of the Republic, dictatorial generals established colonies to settle veterans and distribute them to veterans' spoils. Part two, Discuss the welfare policies of veterans during the Ulius-Claudius period: mainly from land distribution, fixed salary, Roman citizenship, Marriage and other aspects of the Ulius-Claudius dynasty how to inherit the Republican tradition and at the same time open the model of empire. Part three, Comment on the influence of the Veterans Welfare Policy of the Ulius / Claudius Dynasty on the current and later generations. The welfare policy of the veterans of the Ulius Claudius period was neither overnight nor an unchanging absolute policy. After the emperors of the Ulius-Claudius dynasty absorbed the civil soldier system and the dictatorial experience of the generals at the end of the republic, the welfare policy of veterans had to be adjusted in time with the development of the empire. Ulius-Claudius played an important role as the mourner of the Republic and the pioneer of the Empire.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：K126

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本文編號：1516787