本文關鍵詞： 15-17世紀 英國 約曼階層 農民分化　出處：《天津師范大學》2007年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】： 15--17世紀是英國由中世紀向近代社會過渡的黃金時段，是位于兩個經濟蕭條期之間的上升周期。在這一階段，英國社會各個層面發(fā)生了顯著和深刻的變化，解構和建構并存，變動與適應結合，此時興起的新型階層正是變動的結果，筆者在前人研究的基礎上，試圖對這一新型階層--約曼做出客觀中肯的評價。 全文共分為四部分，第一部分介紹了近年來中外學者對約曼階層的研究概況，重點考察了他們在研究中所提出的理論問題，在此基礎上，進一步深入分析，限定研究范圍。第二部分闡述了約曼階層的界定、興起與演變，準確定位了約曼的組成部分和演變的歷程。第三部分分析了約曼階層的經濟地位，著重強調了約曼在圈地運動、土地買賣中的活動以及所引發(fā)的經濟變革。第四部分論述了約曼階層的社會地位，他們了解地方情況，負責地區(qū)行政管理，平衡各種矛盾，有效地應對了這一時期社會轉型帶來的波動，同時也為英國贏得了“地方自治之家”的稱號。 本文認為，現代化的演進是各種因素共同作用的結果，經濟結構和社會結構是相輔相成的，處于中間階層的這一群體引導了社會的主流。在中國，由于專制、宗法社會結構束縛著個體的發(fā)展，社會財富遞增并不能涵蓋農民的貧困化，，中間階層的闕如導致兩極分化的擴大，法治基石是奠基于統(tǒng)治者之上，廣大農民的無權或少權狀況不利于財富的累積，使中國陷入了治亂交替的循環(huán)怪圈中。對約曼階層的分析表明：培育一個成熟的、理性的中間階層可以適時的起到平衡作用，對中國的現代化建設也是至為重要的。
[Abstract]:The 15th-17th century was the prime period of Britain's transition from the Middle Ages to the modern society, and it was a rising cycle between the two periods of economic depression. During this period, significant and profound changes took place in all levels of British society, and deconstruction and construction co-existed. The combination of change and adaptation is the result of the new stratum rising at this time. On the basis of previous studies, the author tries to make an objective and fair evaluation of this new class-Yoman. This paper is divided into four parts. The first part introduces the research situation of Yoman stratum in recent years, and focuses on the theoretical problems they put forward in the research. The second part expounds the definition, rise and evolution of the Yoman stratum, and accurately orientates the composition and evolution of the Yoman class. The third part analyzes the economic status of the Yoman stratum and emphasizes the Yoman movement. In part 4th, the social status of the Yoman class is discussed. They understand the local situation, are responsible for the administration of the region, and balance all kinds of contradictions. It effectively dealt with the fluctuation brought about by the social transformation in this period, and also won the title of "Home of Local Autonomy" for Britain. This paper holds that the evolution of modernization is the result of a combination of various factors, that the economic structure and social structure complement each other, and that this group of people in the middle class has guided the mainstream of society. The social structure of patriarchal clan restrains the individual development, the increasing social wealth can not cover the poverty of the peasants, the absence of the middle class leads to the expansion of polarization, and the foundation of the rule of law is based on the ruler. The situation of peasants' powerlessness or less power is not conducive to the accumulation of wealth, which makes China fall into a cycle of alternating governance and chaos. The analysis of the Yoman stratum shows that cultivating a mature and rational middle class can play a timely and balanced role. It is also of great importance to China's modernization drive.
【學位授予單位】：天津師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2007
【分類號】：K561.3

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