發(fā)布時間：2018-01-20 22:00

  本文關鍵詞： 法國 中世紀 政權 教權　出處：《天津師范大學》2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：在中世紀二元的社會體系中,政權和教權的關系是比較錯綜復雜的,搞清楚他們之間的關系是系統(tǒng)地了解中世紀歷史的重要基礎。但是因為各個國家的政權和教權在地方上的具體性和差異性,在中法蘭克、西法蘭克和東法蘭克的表現(xiàn)是不一樣的。本文旨在從9世紀法蘭克帝國解體后了解西法蘭克的現(xiàn)狀,分析得出法蘭西地方封建領主的獨立性強大,王權衰弱。與此同一時期,教會內(nèi)部也出現(xiàn)了很多道德淪喪和腐敗現(xiàn)象。在9、10世紀教會通過克呂尼運動和上帝的和平修正教會不良之風,提升了教會的威信,教會的權威得到增強,經(jīng)濟實力大增。又經(jīng)過羅馬教廷改革后在英諾森三世時期達到最高峰,此階段出現(xiàn)了教權高于王權的關系。面對這種情況,從卡佩王朝起,歷代的法王們致力于王室領地擴張,通過政治聯(lián)姻和軍事戰(zhàn)爭的方式獲得了王室領地,在獲得了大量領地面積之后,設立邑督等官吏進行管理,鞏固王權的統(tǒng)治。12世紀又因為城市經(jīng)濟的發(fā)展,市民階層成長起來,他們通過接受教育和羅馬法的復興,漸漸成為了王權借助依靠的政治力量,王權的地位得到提升。因教會而發(fā)動的十字軍運動,反而在最后幾次的十字軍東征中削弱了教會的權威和地位,城市異端的爆發(fā)更是降低了教會的威信,隨著阿維農(nóng)之囚和教會的分裂,王權控制了教權。在關于稅收征收問題上法王借助市民階層的力量召開了三級議會,教會的政治作用衰弱,逐漸退出了政治舞臺。
[Abstract]:In the dual social system in the Middle Ages, the relationship between political power and religious power is more complicated. To find out the relationship between them is an important foundation to understand the history of the Middle Ages systematically, but because of the local concreteness and difference of each country's political power and religious power, it is in the middle of Frank. The performance of West Frank and East Frank is not the same. This article aims to understand the status quo of West Frank after the fall of the French Empire in 9th century, and to analyze the independence of the feudal lords in France. Wang Quan was weak. At the same time, there were many phenomena of moral decay and corruption within the church. In the 9th century, the church corrected the bad trend of the church through the Cluni movement and God's peace. Raised the authority of the church, the authority of the church was strengthened, the economic strength increased greatly, and after the Holy see reform reached its peak in the period of Innocenti III. In this stage, the relationship of religious power over Wang Quan appeared. In the face of this situation, from the Kapei dynasty onwards, successive French kings devoted themselves to the expansion of the royal domain, and acquired the royal territory through political marriage and military war. After obtaining a large area of territory, the establishment of governor and other government officials to manage, to consolidate Wang Quan's rule. 12th century, because of the development of urban economy, the civil class grew up. Through their education and the revival of Roman law, they gradually became the crusader movement launched by the church by Wang Quan through the help of the political force on which he relied. On the contrary, in the last crusades, the authority and status of the church was weakened, and the outburst of urban heresy reduced the church's prestige, along with the prison of Avenon and the split of the church. Wang Quan controlled the right of religion. On the issue of tax collection, the French king convened three levels of parliament with the help of the power of the citizen class, and the political role of the church was weakened and gradually withdrew from the political arena.
【學位授予單位】：天津師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：K565.3

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