發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-09-18 09:18

【摘要】：美國(guó)的對(duì)外戰(zhàn)略自始至終都有一個(gè)重心:美國(guó)的意識(shí)形態(tài)輸出。即把美國(guó)的意識(shí)形態(tài)、民主制度推向世界,力圖按照美國(guó)的設(shè)想建造一個(gè)美國(guó)化的世界,這是美國(guó)人的“世界夢(mèng)”。美國(guó)例外論是美國(guó)意識(shí)形態(tài)輸出的理論基石,而民主和平論則為美國(guó)的意識(shí)形態(tài)輸出提供了理論支撐,九一一事件之后,國(guó)際政治經(jīng)濟(jì)局勢(shì)發(fā)生了巨大變化,美國(guó)相應(yīng)的在意識(shí)形態(tài)輸出方面也做出了較大的變動(dòng)。在進(jìn)一步研究九一一事件之后美國(guó)意識(shí)形態(tài)輸出的變化與加強(qiáng)之前,充分了解美國(guó)意識(shí)形態(tài)輸出的概況,對(duì)過(guò)往美國(guó)意識(shí)形態(tài)的特點(diǎn)、原因以及意識(shí)形態(tài)輸出的方式進(jìn)行分析,具有重要的意義。九一一事件之后小布什和奧巴馬政府,在意識(shí)形態(tài)輸出方面做出了比之以往較大的變化,這和九一一事件前后的國(guó)際大背景有很大的關(guān)系:美國(guó)獨(dú)大、想隨心所欲的行動(dòng)、恐怖活動(dòng)的猖獗等等,這都給美國(guó)改變輸出戰(zhàn)略提供了條件。小布什政府崇尚力量輸出,手段更激進(jìn),武力輸出改造、顏色革命、大中東民主計(jì)劃,單邊主義與先發(fā)制人顯露無(wú)遺。奧巴馬政府上臺(tái)時(shí)內(nèi)憂(yōu)外患,金融危機(jī)與小布什政府遺留下來(lái)的伊拉克和阿富汗戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)的爛攤子,不得不改變:以退為進(jìn),改變強(qiáng)擴(kuò)張的策略,采取更加柔和的手段,提出“負(fù)責(zé)任主權(quán)”、借“巧實(shí)力”外交進(jìn)行“價(jià)值觀外交”、依托亞太再平衡戰(zhàn)略輸出意識(shí)形態(tài),換湯不換藥。特朗普自競(jìng)選開(kāi)始就表示不會(huì)重視意識(shí)形態(tài)輸出,高呼“美國(guó)優(yōu)先”,但實(shí)際上讓美國(guó)再次強(qiáng)大就是最好的輸出手段。當(dāng)前世界的主要沖突與矛盾幾乎都與美國(guó)的意識(shí)形態(tài)輸出、民主輸出有這樣或那樣的聯(lián)系,美國(guó)的意識(shí)形態(tài)輸出戰(zhàn)略對(duì)美國(guó)、對(duì)世界都產(chǎn)生了重要的影響。加強(qiáng)對(duì)九一一事件之后美國(guó)意識(shí)形態(tài)輸出戰(zhàn)略的研究,分析美國(guó)意識(shí)形態(tài)輸出戰(zhàn)略的變化規(guī)律,預(yù)測(cè)可能的變化趨勢(shì),對(duì)中國(guó)的和平發(fā)展具有重要的意義。
[Abstract]:America's foreign strategy has a center of gravity from beginning to end: the output of American ideology. It is American's "world dream" to push American ideology and democracy to the world and try to build an Americanized world according to American imagination. The exceptionalism of the United States is the theoretical cornerstone of the export of American ideology, while the theory of democratic peace provides the theoretical support for the export of ideology by the United States. After the September 11 incident, the international political and economic situation has undergone tremendous changes. The United States has also made great changes in its ideological exports. Before further studying the changes and strengthening of the US ideology export after the September 11 incident, we should fully understand the general situation of the US ideology export, and analyze the characteristics, causes, and ways of exporting the ideology of the United States in the past. It is of great significance. After the September 11 attacks, the Bush and Obama administrations have made greater changes in the output of ideology than in the past. This has a lot to do with the international context before and after the September 11 incident: the United States is the sole power and wants to act as it wishes. The rampant terrorist activities and so on, all these provide the condition for the United States to change its export strategy. The Bush administration advocates the export of power, means more radical, the export of force transformation, color revolution, the Greater Middle East democratic plan, unilateralism and pre-emptive. When the Obama administration came to power, internal and external troubles, the financial crisis and the mess of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan left over by the Bush administration had to be changed: to step back, to change the strategy of strong expansion, and to take softer measures. Put forward "responsible sovereignty", carry on "value diplomacy" by "skillful strength" diplomacy, rely on Asia-Pacific rebalance strategy export ideology, change soup without changing medicine. Trump has said since the start of the campaign that he will not value ideological exports, chanting "America first," but actually making the United States strong again is the best way to export it. At present, the major conflicts and contradictions in the world are almost all related to the export of American ideology, and the export of democracy is related in one way or another. The American strategy of exporting ideology has an important impact on the United States and the world as a whole. It is of great significance for the peaceful development of China to strengthen the research on the export strategy of American ideology after the events of September 11, analyze the changing law of the export strategy of American ideology, and predict the possible trend of change.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：遼寧大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D871.2

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