【摘要】：中東動蕩中的美國因素是中東研究中的一個無法回避的問題，也是美國對外政策研究中的重要組成部分。作為一個重點、難點課題，中東問題引起相關(guān)學者們的關(guān)注和研究已經(jīng)有半個多世紀之久，至今尚未得到解決，并且隨著當前這場中東革命而使問題變得更加復雜，，矛盾也更加嚴重。引起當前這場動蕩的原因，美國因素在動蕩中起著重要的作用。這是因為，中東地區(qū)歷來就是美國在全球的重要戰(zhàn)略地區(qū),同時中東地區(qū)也是美國等西方國家的重要能源基地。從這個角度講，美國插手中東事務，成為解決美國利益問題的重要手段。論文分為三個部分展開： 第一章：主要從中東是美國等西方國家的能源基地、保障以色列國家安全的角度和維持中東政治力量的平衡對美國在中東的戰(zhàn)略進行闡述。其中對維持中東政治力量的平衡的闡述將是本章的重點，這是保障美國等西方國家的能源基地和保障以色列國家安全的根本。而實現(xiàn)這些目標的前提是防止伊朗在中東地區(qū)的做大做強和擁有核武器。 第二章：對美國在中東地區(qū)動蕩各國實施不同政策進行具體分析，找出美國實施國別政策的共同點和不同點，進而得出美國實施雙重政策是先前及當前這場中東動蕩的關(guān)鍵因素和決定性因素。 第三章：通過概述中東動蕩對中東大國的影響，闡述中東動蕩對中東力量格局的重塑，繼而分析此次中東動蕩對美國未來中東政策的影響。 從中我們可以看出美國在中東地區(qū)實施的戰(zhàn)略主要由維護西方國家的能源安全，保障以色列國家安全，維持中東地區(qū)政治力量平衡等幾個部分組成。而維持中東地區(qū)政治力量平衡是指不允許中東地區(qū)任何一國稱霸中東（當前主要針對伊朗），來威脅到美國和西方國家的能源安全和危害以色列的國家安全，這是美國實施中東政策的一個基本原則，也是政策的關(guān)鍵。為實現(xiàn)上述目標，基于當前國家利益考慮，美國對中東地區(qū)動蕩各國呈現(xiàn)出以打壓和扶持為特征的雙重標準。這也是當前中東地區(qū)國家持續(xù)動蕩的重要原因。 這次中東動蕩產(chǎn)生的意義將是深刻而持久的。首先，中東局勢的持續(xù)動蕩，埃及、利比亞、敘利亞政治前景的不明朗，會使以色列的國家安全面臨著更大的威脅，這將迫使美國增加對以色列的軍事、經(jīng)濟支持和援助，從而影響未來美國與阿拉伯國家關(guān)系。其次，中東局勢的持續(xù)動蕩，將迫使伊朗更加堅定地開發(fā)、研制核武器，從而使未來的美國與伊朗關(guān)系更加充滿風險，削弱伊朗的在中東地區(qū)的影響將會變得異常困難。第三，中東局勢的持續(xù)動蕩加劇了世界能源市場的緊張，高油價將會威脅到美國、西歐和乃至世界經(jīng)濟的復蘇。 加強對中東動蕩的研究，對于確保我國從中東地區(qū)的能源進口，以及對于維護好我國西部邊疆省份的國家安全、領(lǐng)土完整和社會穩(wěn)定意義重大。
[Abstract]:American factor in Middle East turbulence is an unavoidable problem in Middle East study and an important part of American foreign policy research. As an important and difficult topic, the Middle East issue has attracted the attention and research of the relevant scholars for more than half a century, and has not been solved yet, and with the current Middle East revolution, the problem has become more complicated. The contradiction is even more serious. The American factor plays an important role in the current turmoil. This is because the Middle East region has always been an important strategic region for the United States in the world, and the Middle East region is also an important energy base for the United States and other Western countries. From this point of view, American intervention in Middle East affairs has become an important means of solving American interests. The thesis is divided into three parts: the first chapter: the Middle East is the energy base of the United States and other Western countries, the point of view of safeguarding Israel's national security and maintaining the balance of political power in the Middle East, the strategy of the United States in the Middle East is expounded. The key point of this chapter is to maintain the balance of political power in the Middle East, which is the fundamental to guarantee the energy base of the United States and other western countries and to safeguard the national security of Israel. These goals will be achieved only if Iran is prevented from becoming bigger and stronger in the Middle East and possessing nuclear weapons. Chapter two: to analyze the different policies of the United States in the Middle East region, and find out the common points and differences of the national policies of the United States. Then it is concluded that the dual policy of the United States is the key factor and decisive factor of the previous and current Middle East turmoil. Chapter three: by summarizing the influence of the Middle East turbulence on the Middle East powers, the paper expounds the remolding of the Middle East power pattern by the Middle East turbulence, and then analyzes the influence of the Middle East turbulence on the future Middle East policy of the United States. From this, we can see that the strategy of the United States in the Middle East mainly consists of maintaining the energy security of the western countries, safeguarding the national security of Israel, and maintaining the political balance of power in the Middle East region. While maintaining the political balance of power in the Middle East region means not allowing any country in the Middle East region to dominate the Middle East (currently mainly aimed at Iran) to threaten the energy security of the United States and Western countries and endanger the national security of Israel. This is a basic principle of American Middle East policy, is also the key of policy. In order to achieve this goal, considering the current national interests, the United States presents a double standard of repression and support for the volatile countries in the Middle East region. This is also an important reason for the ongoing turmoil in the Middle East. The implications of this Middle East turmoil will be profound and lasting. First, the continued instability in the Middle East and the uncertainty over the political prospects of Egypt, Libya and Syria will pose a greater threat to Israel's national security, which will force the United States to increase its military, economic support and aid to Israel. This will affect future relations between the United States and Arab countries. Second, continued instability in the Middle East will force Iran to develop and develop nuclear weapons more firmly, making future U.S.-Iran relations more risky and making it extremely difficult to weaken Iran's influence in the Middle East. Third, the continuing turmoil in the Middle East has heightened tensions in world energy markets, with high oil prices threatening the recovery of the United States, Western Europe and the world economy. It is of great significance to strengthen the study of Middle East turbulence to ensure China's energy import from the Middle East and to safeguard the national security, territorial integrity and social stability of the western frontier provinces of China.
【學位授予單位】：東北師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2012
【分類號】：D815.4

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