本文選題：聯(lián)合國 + 維和行動　； 參考：《吉林大學(xué)》2010年碩士論文

【摘要】： 本文主要討論的是中國在維護國際和平與安全上變得更加積極和主動,并且分析了中國在聯(lián)合國非洲的維和行動中所發(fā)揮的重要貢獻。與傳統(tǒng)的關(guān)注于中國在非洲的經(jīng)濟合作的觀點不同的是,本文在參考廣泛文獻的基礎(chǔ)上,分析了中國通過參加聯(lián)合國這樣的多邊組織來維護國際的和平與安全。中國在非洲所采取的舉措表明了中國的軟實力不僅僅在東亞發(fā)揮了作用,在非洲同樣發(fā)揮了巨大的作用。大國在一個地區(qū)不僅使用自己的硬實力,同時也使用自己的軟實力。通過對文獻的分析,作者認為履行聯(lián)合國維護世界和平與安全的規(guī)則章程是沒有不可逾越的障礙的。但是在很長時間內(nèi),中國沒有參與聯(lián)合國的軍事維和行動,而且在冷戰(zhàn)時代,聯(lián)合國作為美蘇兩個超級大國斗爭的舞臺,這些問題都需要客觀的評價與討論�？傊�,這篇文章所要討論的問題是,中國作為一個大國,是如何認識到自己的責(zé)任,變成了一個維護世界和平與安全的積極地參與者;聯(lián)合國在20世紀90年代在非洲進行的維和行動的主要目的;形成這一局面的關(guān)鍵因素以及內(nèi)涵。 本文主要探討了國際事務(wù),重點考察了國際關(guān)系中的關(guān)鍵問題,國際事務(wù)的參與者是否能為了共同的利益而放棄自我的利益?在一個群體中如何處理好共有利益和沖突利益是一個不可回避的問題。如何實現(xiàn)在一個群體中,讓所有成員可以都從中獲利而不需顧及他們對整體的貢獻多少。共同利益經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)在群體與社會之中,在國際事務(wù)中,共同利益是一個特殊的問題。因為在國際事務(wù)的處理中,每一個參與者都是一個獨立自主的主體,并沒有一個諸如世界政府一樣的絕對權(quán)威來強迫每一個民族提供任何自我利益的讓渡。在解釋國際協(xié)作上,有統(tǒng)治、互惠、認同三個基本原則,采用的理論分析方法有新現(xiàn)實主義、新自由主義、古典自由主義。 如果基于兩次世界大戰(zhàn)的教訓(xùn),按照聯(lián)合國憲章建立起來的聯(lián)合國的目的是為了維護公共安全的話,那么進行國際協(xié)作就是這些參與者在傳統(tǒng)意義和理性選擇上的正確決定。 1945年,為了維護世界的和平與正義,取得二戰(zhàn)勝利的盟軍建立了聯(lián)合國這一國際組織。但是,正如冷戰(zhàn)時代中國懷疑聯(lián)合國的作用一樣,聯(lián)合國的外交政策使得一些聯(lián)合國發(fā)起國開始對其表示懷疑。僅僅用兩極化、意識形態(tài)之爭、兩個超級大國之間的核恐怖來解釋中國對聯(lián)合國懷疑的原因是遠遠不夠的。因為聯(lián)合國是、并且將一直是大國實現(xiàn)自己利益的工具。1949年建國之后,中國的外交政策受到了美蘇意識形態(tài)斗爭的影響。在共產(chǎn)主義與自由民主制的激烈沖突中,中國的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人堅持馬列主義毛澤東思想,并將此作為了中國的指導(dǎo)意識形態(tài)。 當中國堅持馬列主義毛澤東思想時,世界其他國家就被劃分成了共產(chǎn)主義與自由民主兩大陣營。最終,中國不得不直接或間接地與兩個陣營都進行抗爭。這改變了中國與聯(lián)合國的關(guān)系,也改變了中國對世界其他國家的外交政策。 后冷戰(zhàn)時代的主要特征是因種族矛盾、社會和經(jīng)濟非正義、地區(qū)或國內(nèi)政治斗爭所引發(fā)的政治危機。另外,聯(lián)合國不得不面對原來隱藏在冷戰(zhàn)陰影下而現(xiàn)在凸顯出來的大量矛盾的新狀況。這些長期存在的問題大多是政治問題或人道主義問題,例如柬埔寨問題、東帝汶問題、前南斯拉夫問題。另外毫無疑問的是,后冷戰(zhàn)時代,非洲出現(xiàn)了很多危機,像始于1960年的剛果危機、20世紀90年代以來的塞拉利昂、利比里亞、蘇丹等等問題。這些危機和問題都對大量無辜的平民造成了巨大的威脅,同時也威脅到了國際社會。如何處理好這些問題是對國際社會的一個挑戰(zhàn),對本國與鄰國的關(guān)系影響重大,對于正在快速發(fā)展的中國和第三世界國家也有著重要的意義。為什么中國從一個觀望者轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)槁?lián)合國維和活動的積極參與者,要回答這個問題,需要從政治、經(jīng)濟等等許多方面來解釋。 冷戰(zhàn)的后果讓中國認識到了維護世界和平與安全對自身的重要意義。所以,維護和平成為中國政府官方聲明中所表達的中國參加到聯(lián)合國維和活動,尤其是非洲的維和活動的主要理由。中國對于非洲的關(guān)注點已經(jīng)不再限于興建公共設(shè)施、進行經(jīng)濟投資,對于維和行動,中國也進行了參與。這一做法提升了非洲的國際地位,促進而來非洲的政治和市場發(fā)展,為其他國家創(chuàng)造了投資的機會,增強了非洲的實力,促進了非洲的經(jīng)濟增長。為了維護這樣安全相關(guān)模式,中國重視非洲聯(lián)盟和其他非洲區(qū)域組織的重要性。聯(lián)合國安理會為了維護安全,向剛果民主共和國、利比里亞和蘇丹派駐了維和部隊,其他國家對于此舉并不積極,中國積極參與到維和與調(diào)解行動中來,顯示了一個大國在國際社會中的責(zé)任感。中國通過這一系列行動,提升了自己在非洲的影響力和軟實力,也為中美關(guān)系的發(fā)展創(chuàng)造了機會。 這篇論文為揭示經(jīng)歷了冷戰(zhàn)的教訓(xùn)之后,中國在諸如派駐維和警察、軍事觀察員、建設(shè)工程兵、醫(yī)療分隊等國際維和行動中逐漸參與的原因提供了一個機會。因為在冷戰(zhàn)時期,美蘇兩極化的格局對中國造成了封鎖,中國一直不愿意參與到國際安全的構(gòu)建之中。這也體現(xiàn)了在冷戰(zhàn)時代,美蘇外交政策對國際體系的巨大影響力。另一方面,后來中國逐漸加大了在國際維和行動中的參與,也表達出了自己的主權(quán)獨立與不干涉的外交原則,顯示了中國作為一個負責(zé)任的大國按照聯(lián)合國憲章的原則踐行自己維護世界和平與安全的國際責(zé)任。
[Abstract]:This article mainly discusses that China has become more active and active in maintaining international peace and security, and analyzes the important contribution that China has played in the peacekeeping operation of the United Nations in Africa. China's initiatives in Africa show that China's soft power has played a role not only in East Asia, but also in Africa. Great powers use not only their hard power but also their own soft power in a region. Through the analysis of the literature, the author believes that there is no insurmountable obstacle to the implementation of the United Nations rules and regulations for the maintenance of world peace and security. But for a long time, China has not participated in the United Nations military peacekeeping operation, and in the Cold War era, the United Nations, as the stage for the struggle between the two superpowers of the United States and the Soviet Union, needed all these issues. In summary, the question to be discussed in this article is how China, as a big country, recognizes its responsibilities and becomes a positive participant in the maintenance of world peace and security; the main purpose of the United Nations in Africa in 1990s, and the key reasons for this situation. Content and connotation.
This paper mainly discusses international affairs and focuses on the key issues in international relations. Can the participants of international affairs give up their own interests for common interests? How to deal with common interests and conflict interests in a group is an unavoidable question. How to achieve in a group and let all members be able to do so The mutual benefit is a special problem in international affairs, because in international affairs, each participant is an independent subject, and there is no one like the world government. Absolute authority to force every nation to offer any transfer of self interest. In the interpretation of international cooperation, there are three basic principles of rule, reciprocity and identification. The theoretical analysis methods adopted are Neo realism, Neo liberalism, and classical liberalism.
Based on the lessons of the two World War and the purpose of the United Nations established in accordance with the Charter of the United Nations for the purpose of maintaining public security, international cooperation is the correct decision of these participants in the traditional meaning and rational choice.
In 1945, in order to maintain world peace and justice, the Allied forces of the victory of World War II established the United Nations as an international organization. But, as China suspected of the role of the United Nations in the cold war, the United Nations foreign policy made some United Nations sponsors begin to doubt it. Only by polarization, ideological controversy, two over the world. The nuclear terror between the great powers is far from enough to explain the reason why China's suspicion of the United Nations is far from enough. Since the United Nations is a tool for the great powers to realize its own interests in.1949, China's foreign policy has been affected by the ideological struggle between the United States and the Soviet Union. The leaders of the country adhere to Marxism Leninist Mao Zedong thought and regard it as the guiding ideology of China.
When China adheres to Marxism Leninism Mao Zedong thought, the other countries of the world have been divided into two camps of communism and free democracy. Finally, China has to fight directly or indirectly with the two camps. This has changed China's relations with the United Nations and changed the foreign policy of China to the rest of the world.
The main feature of the post Cold War era is the political crisis caused by ethnic contradictions, social and economic injustice, regional or domestic political struggles. In addition, the United Nations has to face the new situation which has been highlighted in the shadow of the cold war. These long-standing problems are mostly political or humanitarian. Problems, such as the Kampuchea, East Timor, and the former Yugoslavia. There is no doubt that in the post Cold War era, there were many crises in Africa, such as the Congo crisis that began in 1960, the Sierra Leone, Liberia, Sultan, and so on since 1990s. These crises and problems have caused huge numbers of innocent civilians. A big threat and a threat to the international community. How to deal with these problems is a challenge to the international community, a great impact on the relationship between the country and its neighbours, and to the rapid development of China and the third world countries. Why China has changed from a waiter to a United Nations peacekeeping activity To answer this question, participants need to explain from many aspects such as politics, economy and so on.
The consequences of the cold war have made China aware of the importance of maintaining world peace and security to itself. Therefore, the maintenance of peace is the main reason for China's participation in United Nations peacekeeping activities, especially in Africa, as expressed in the official statement of the Chinese government. China's concern for Africa is no longer limited to the construction of public facilities. China also took part in economic investment, which promoted the international status of Africa, promoted political and market development in Africa, created opportunities for investment for other countries, enhanced Africa's strength and promoted economic growth in Africa. In order to safeguard such a security related model, China attaches great importance to this. The importance of the African Union and other African regional organizations. In order to maintain security, the United Nations Security Council has sent a peacekeeping force to the Democratic Republic of Congo, Liberia and Sultan. The other countries are not active in this action. China is actively involved in peacekeeping and mediation, showing a sense of responsibility of a big country in the international community. Through this series of actions, China has enhanced its influence and soft power in Africa, and has also created opportunities for the development of Sino US relations.
In order to reveal the lessons of the cold war, China has provided an opportunity for the gradual participation of China in international peacekeeping operations such as peacekeeping police, military observers, construction engineers and medical teams, because during the cold war, the polarization of the United States and the Soviet Union caused a blockade on China, and China was reluctant to participate in the cold war. In the construction of international security, it also reflects the great influence of the foreign policy of the United States and the Soviet Union on the international system during the cold war. On the other hand, China has gradually increased its participation in international peacekeeping operations, and also expressed its own diplomatic principles of independence and non-interference, which shows that China is a responsible big country. In accordance with the principles of the Charter of the United Nations, we should fulfill our international responsibility for safeguarding world peace and security.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號】：D822.34

【共引文獻】

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2 馬烏努（MAWUNOU，ZINSE）;20世紀90年代以來非洲法語區(qū)國家的外交關(guān)系：選擇與影響[D];吉林大學(xué);2009年

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