本文選題：冷戰(zhàn)后 + 古巴�。� 參考：《聊城大學(xué)》2010年碩士論文

【摘要】：古巴是當(dāng)今世界上唯一一個(gè)處于西方資本主義國家包圍中的社會(huì)主義國家,并且是離美國本土最近、長(zhǎng)期處于美國封鎖包圍中的社會(huì)主義國家。作為一個(gè)革命歷史、社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)和地緣政治都比較特殊的社會(huì)主義國家,古巴對(duì)外政策的發(fā)展有著不同于其他社會(huì)主義國家的特點(diǎn)和特征。古巴愿意同尊重古巴主權(quán)、遵守各國共處準(zhǔn)則的不同政治、社會(huì)和經(jīng)濟(jì)制度的國家保持友好關(guān)系,并一直堅(jiān)持同社會(huì)主義國家保持友誼、互助和合作關(guān)系。建國五十多年來,盡管古巴的發(fā)展道路艱險(xiǎn)而曲折,但古巴黨和人民始終堅(jiān)守社會(huì)主義理念,實(shí)事求是、與時(shí)俱進(jìn),不斷探索適合本國實(shí)際、具有本國特色的發(fā)展道路。 自1959年古巴取得革命勝利以來,就一直受到被美國的敵視。敵視政策是美國對(duì)古巴政策的主格調(diào),美國始終堅(jiān)持冷戰(zhàn)思維,從自身利益和反共產(chǎn)主義意識(shí)形態(tài)的雙重需要出發(fā),對(duì)古巴采取了敵視和封鎖政策,企圖消滅古巴社會(huì)主義。為了尋求社會(huì)主義陣營(yíng)國家的幫助,在建國后不久,古巴先后同蘇聯(lián)和中國等社會(huì)主義國家建交。依靠和借助蘇聯(lián)的軍事庇護(hù),古巴成功地應(yīng)對(duì)了美國的政治軍事壓力,確保了國家安全。 20世紀(jì)80年代末90年代初,國際形勢(shì)發(fā)生了重大變化。古巴進(jìn)入了“和平時(shí)期的特殊階段”,在經(jīng)濟(jì)、政治和外交上都遇到了自建立社會(huì)主義政權(quán)以來前所未有的困難。隨著國際環(huán)境的不斷惡化,美國加大了對(duì)古巴的封鎖與和平演變的力度,通過各種手段妄圖顛覆古巴社會(huì)主義政權(quán)。甚至古巴人民都對(duì)古巴過去所走的社會(huì)主義道路產(chǎn)生了懷疑,對(duì)古巴的未來失去了信心。面對(duì)如此嚴(yán)峻的形勢(shì),古巴共產(chǎn)黨并沒有被困難所嚇倒,而是積極、務(wù)實(shí)、靈活地調(diào)整了對(duì)外政策,以打破美國封鎖和孤立為重點(diǎn),擴(kuò)大生存空間、改善國際環(huán)境、拓展經(jīng)貿(mào)合作。同時(shí),古巴注重并努力發(fā)展與歐盟國家、加拿大和日本的關(guān)系,并把重返拉美、回歸拉丁美洲大家庭作為外交政策的重要內(nèi)容。古巴政府還特別重視繼續(xù)發(fā)展同中國、越南等社會(huì)主義國家的友好關(guān)系,并進(jìn)一步加強(qiáng)了同亞洲和非洲發(fā)展中國家之間的聯(lián)系。這一時(shí)期,古巴積極探索適合本國特點(diǎn)的執(zhí)政戰(zhàn)略和策略,及時(shí)調(diào)整內(nèi)外政策,加速進(jìn)行改革,擴(kuò)大對(duì)外開放。古巴的社會(huì)主義事業(yè)經(jīng)受住了考驗(yàn),在冷戰(zhàn)后越發(fā)充滿活力。 自2008年2月24日勞爾?卡斯特羅當(dāng)選古巴國務(wù)委員會(huì)主席和部長(zhǎng)會(huì)議主席,正式接替執(zhí)政長(zhǎng)達(dá)49年的菲德爾?卡斯特羅以來,古巴的外交改革十分活躍。古巴注重加強(qiáng)增進(jìn)同委內(nèi)瑞拉、巴西等拉美國家的關(guān)系,恢復(fù)和改善同墨西哥的關(guān)系,恢復(fù)和改善了同歐盟的關(guān)系,并向美國下屆政府伸出橄欖枝,同時(shí)加強(qiáng)與俄羅斯的關(guān)系,進(jìn)一步發(fā)展同中國等亞非國家的關(guān)系。 經(jīng)過20年的探索、建設(shè)和發(fā)展,古巴對(duì)外政策取得了極大的成就。當(dāng)前古巴政治、經(jīng)濟(jì)、軍事、文化、外交等各方面都取得了長(zhǎng)足發(fā)展,并且保持了良好勢(shì)頭。古巴雖然是一個(gè)面積不大、人口不多的小國,但其冷戰(zhàn)后對(duì)外政策調(diào)整與變化的經(jīng)驗(yàn)教訓(xùn)對(duì)其他社會(huì)主義國家都具有借鑒意義。古巴是在美國的長(zhǎng)期封鎖與制裁下生存和發(fā)展下來的,這對(duì)其他社會(huì)主義國家在處理與資本主義發(fā)達(dá)國家尤其是美國的關(guān)系有直接的借鑒意義。古巴共產(chǎn)黨領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人一直強(qiáng)調(diào)與中國的友好關(guān)系,并積極借鑒中國改革開放的經(jīng)驗(yàn)。同樣,研究冷戰(zhàn)后古巴對(duì)外政策變革的經(jīng)驗(yàn)和走勢(shì),對(duì)于我國的對(duì)外交往和國家建設(shè)也有著一定的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義和借鑒意義。
[Abstract]:Cuba is the only socialist country in today ' s world , surrounded by western capitalist countries , and is a socialist country that has long been in the U.S . blockade . As a revolutionary history , social structure and geo - politics are comparatively special socialist countries , the development of Cuba ' s foreign policy is different from that of other socialist countries . Cuba is willing to maintain friendship , mutual assistance and cooperation with the socialist countries .

Since the victory of the Cuban revolution in 1959 , the United States has been under the hostility of the United States . The hostile policy is the main tone of the United States policy towards Cuba . The United States has always adhered to the cold war mentality , and established diplomatic relations with the socialist countries such as the Soviet Union and China on the basis of the dual needs of its own interests and the anti - communist ideology . In order to seek the help of the socialist camps , Cuba has succeeded in building diplomatic relations with the Soviet Union and the socialist countries , such as the Soviet Union and China , and has successfully responded to the political and military pressure of the United States and ensured national security .

Cuba ' s economic , political and diplomatic ties with the European Union ( EU ) , Canada and Japan have not been daunting . The Cuban Communist Party ( Cuba ) attaches particular importance to the development of friendly relations with the countries of the EU , Canada and Japan and further strengthens ties with developing countries in Asia and Africa . The Cuban government has also paid particular attention to the continued development of policies and strategies suited to the characteristics of the country , to accelerate reforms and to expand the outside world . Cuba ' s socialist cause has been tested and has become more dynamic after the cold war .

Cuba ' s diplomatic reforms have been very active since Ra煤l Castro ' s election to the chairmanship of the Council of State and the President of the Council of Ministers on 24 February 2008 . Cuba has focused on strengthening relations with Latin American countries , such as Venezuela and Brazil , restoring and improving relations with Mexico , restoring and improving relations with the European Union , and extending olive branches to the next Government of the United States , while strengthening relations with Russia and further developing relations with non - African countries , such as China .

The Cuban Communist Party ( Cuba ) has made great achievements in its foreign policy adjustment and change after the Cold War . The Cuban Communist Party has always emphasized the friendly relations with China and has made a positive reference to the experience of China ' s reform and opening up .
【學(xué)位授予單位】：聊城大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2010
【分類號(hào)】：D875.1

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