本文選題：美國(guó) + 對(duì)外援助�。� 參考：《外交學(xué)院》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：對(duì)非援助是美國(guó)外交政策的重要組成,也是其推行國(guó)家戰(zhàn)略的工具。冷戰(zhàn)時(shí)期,美國(guó)對(duì)非援助的政策具有明確的目的,主要集中在政治取向方面。冷戰(zhàn)結(jié)束后,非洲的戰(zhàn)略地位急劇下降,美國(guó)開始對(duì)援助區(qū)域進(jìn)行調(diào)整,在非洲采取了收縮性的援助政策。同時(shí),美國(guó)將對(duì)非的援助與貿(mào)易投資相結(jié)合,并進(jìn)行間接干預(yù),通過擴(kuò)大對(duì)非貿(mào)易,實(shí)現(xiàn)其政治和安全利益。9·11事件發(fā)生后,美國(guó)又重新開始重視對(duì)非援助,并將其提升到與外交、國(guó)防同等的高度,援助成為維護(hù)美國(guó)安全的重要內(nèi)容。 美國(guó)對(duì)非洲的官方援助分為多邊援助和雙邊援助。多邊援助是指通過國(guó)際金融機(jī)構(gòu)及聯(lián)合國(guó)機(jī)構(gòu)實(shí)施的非直接援助。具體內(nèi)容主要包括為非洲設(shè)立的援助基金,提供的食品援助、維和援助、安全援助、債務(wù)減免以及地區(qū)項(xiàng)目等。另一種方式雙邊援助則主要由美國(guó)的相關(guān)政府機(jī)構(gòu)或非政府組織通過多種途徑來實(shí)現(xiàn)。其中,美國(guó)國(guó)際開發(fā)署(USAID)是其首要機(jī)構(gòu),采取的援助方式包括保護(hù)環(huán)境、加強(qiáng)受援國(guó)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施的建設(shè)、開發(fā)能源、防治艾滋病、培訓(xùn)勞動(dòng)力技術(shù)等。此外,非政府組織形式多樣的援助也是政府對(duì)非洲援助的重要補(bǔ)充,這一援助同樣是直接的。 美國(guó)對(duì)非洲的援助在一定程度上促進(jìn)了非洲的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展,也有利于解決全球問題,但由于美國(guó)對(duì)非援助政策首先是為其國(guó)家戰(zhàn)略服務(wù)的,所以不可避免地存在局限性。
[Abstract]:Aid to Africa is an important component of American foreign policy and a tool for its national strategy. During the Cold War, American aid policy to Africa had a clear purpose, mainly focused on political orientation. After the end of the Cold War, the strategic status of Africa declined sharply, the United States began to adjust the aid region, and adopted a contractionary aid policy in Africa. At the same time, the United States has combined its aid to Africa with trade and investment, and has indirectly intervened to realize its political and security interests through the expansion of trade to Africa. After the events of 9.11, the United States began to attach new importance to aid to Africa. And raise it to the same level as diplomacy and national defense. Aid has become an important part of the maintenance of American security. U.S. official aid to Africa is divided into multilateral aid and bilateral aid. Multilateral aid refers to indirect assistance through international financial institutions and United Nations agencies. They include aid funds for Africa, food aid, peacekeeping aid, security aid, debt relief and regional programs. Another form of bilateral aid is mainly provided by relevant government agencies or NGOs in the United States. Among them, USAID is the most important organization, which includes protecting the environment, strengthening the infrastructure of the recipient countries, developing energy, fighting AIDS, training the labor force and so on. In addition, the various forms of assistance provided by non-governmental organizations are also an important supplement to government assistance to Africa, which is also direct. To some extent, United States aid to Africa has contributed to Africa's economic development and to the solution of global problems. But because America's aid policy to Africa serves its national strategy first, it inevitably has limitations.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：外交學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：D871.2;F171.2

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