本文選題：歐洲民粹主義 + 新媒體��； 參考：《探索與爭(zhēng)鳴》2017年06期

【摘要】：歐盟危機(jī)最根本的來(lái)源實(shí)際上與時(shí)代的變化有關(guān):二戰(zhàn)后的歐洲人普遍將歐洲整合看作脫離剛剛經(jīng)歷過的戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、災(zāi)難、落后、專制的希望,聯(lián)合的歐洲象征著進(jìn)步與和平;但今天的歐洲人卻不再普遍分享這一視角,他們反而會(huì)將歐盟看作一系列重大問題的成因,而且這種認(rèn)識(shí)并非沒有道理。在今天,歐洲不再是一個(gè)目標(biāo),因?yàn)樗乾F(xiàn)實(shí),而現(xiàn)實(shí)肯定不如理想美好。具體而言,導(dǎo)致歐盟危機(jī)的主要原因包括:東歐的轉(zhuǎn)型、全球化與反全球化的若干重要維度、歐洲貨幣聯(lián)盟的缺陷、共同外交和安全政策的缺席、普京治下的俄羅斯的影響、中國(guó)崛起帶來(lái)的挑戰(zhàn)、歐洲自我認(rèn)同的變化等。一方面,人們對(duì)現(xiàn)狀的不滿可能被民粹主義者利用,而民粹主義具有如下四個(gè)特點(diǎn):訴諸"人民"的直接正當(dāng)性、"人民"與"其他人"的劃分、民族主義、非理性的敘事。另一方面,民粹主義的抬頭又與互聯(lián)網(wǎng)造成的新媒體圖景有很大關(guān)系。重重危機(jī)之下的希望在于,只要中左翼的力量能重新贏回其傳統(tǒng)選民,并妥善處理歐元區(qū)的長(zhǎng)期缺陷,歐洲仍然可能有樂觀的前景。
[Abstract]:The most fundamental source of the EU crisis is actually related to the changes of the times: after World War II, Europeans generally regarded European integration as the hope of breaking away from the wars, disasters, backwardness and despotism that had just been experienced, and that the United Europe symbolized progress and peace; But Europeans today are no longer generally sharing this perspective. Instead, they see the EU as the cause of a series of big problems, and that perception is not unreasonable. Today, Europe is no longer a goal, because it is a reality, and reality is certainly not as good as ideal. In particular, the main causes of the EU crisis include the transition of Eastern Europe, the important dimensions of globalization and anti-globalization, the shortcomings of the European Monetary Union, the absence of a common foreign and security policy, and the impact of Putin's Russia. The challenges brought by China's rise and the changes in Europe's self-identity. On the one hand, people's dissatisfaction with the status quo may be exploited by populists, who have the following four characteristics: the direct legitimacy of resorting to "people", the division between "people" and "others", nationalism, and irrational narration. The rise of populism, on the other hand, has much to do with the new media landscape created by the internet. The hope under the crisis is that Europe could still be optimistic as long as the centre-left forces win back their traditional voters and properly address the long-term shortcomings of the euro zone.
【作者單位】： 牛津大學(xué);圣安東尼學(xué)院;斯坦福大學(xué)胡佛研究所;北京大學(xué)政府管理學(xué)院;
【分類號(hào)】：D082;D814.1
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本文編號(hào)：1982972