本文選題：公眾輿論 + 外交決策��； 參考：《河北師范大學(xué)》2012年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著社會(huì)的發(fā)展，影響當(dāng)前中國(guó)外交決策制定的因素也越來(lái)越多，公眾輿論作為一種國(guó)內(nèi)社會(huì)因素，它對(duì)中國(guó)外交決策制定的影響已經(jīng)日益凸顯。本文擬對(duì)公眾輿論對(duì)當(dāng)前中國(guó)外交決策的影響度進(jìn)行闡述，說(shuō)明公眾輿論對(duì)外交決策的正面影響需要而且必須存在。對(duì)于這一問(wèn)題的研究，不僅能夠使公眾輿論的相關(guān)理論得到擴(kuò)展，也對(duì)加強(qiáng)公眾輿論對(duì)當(dāng)前中國(guó)外交決策的積極影響有著重要的理論意義和現(xiàn)實(shí)意義。 本文闡述了該論文的選題意義，分析了國(guó)內(nèi)外對(duì)該問(wèn)題的研究現(xiàn)狀、學(xué)術(shù)價(jià)值以及應(yīng)用價(jià)值，介紹了研究方法和思路，說(shuō)明了本文研究的重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)和創(chuàng)新之處，進(jìn)而在第一部分中分析了公眾輿論的概念，并對(duì)公眾輿論的表達(dá)主體進(jìn)行分類(lèi)介紹，表達(dá)主體包括“首要公眾”、“次要公眾”和“邊緣公眾”，敘述了公眾輿論與中國(guó)外交決策發(fā)展的演進(jìn)過(guò)程：新中國(guó)成立到改革開(kāi)放前，中國(guó)外交決策過(guò)程呈現(xiàn)出“官方”決策的特點(diǎn)；改革開(kāi)放到20世紀(jì)90年代中后期，中國(guó)政府外交決策中也開(kāi)始出現(xiàn)了“開(kāi)放”的跡象；近十幾年，中國(guó)政府外交決策中開(kāi)始有限的關(guān)注和提煉公眾輿論成份，公眾輿論在中國(guó)政府外交決策中的影響逐漸加深。 在第二部分中指出當(dāng)前公眾輿論影響中國(guó)外交決策過(guò)程中存在的問(wèn)題，即政府對(duì)公眾意見(jiàn)的重視程度不足，“官方”決策仍然具有決定性作用，公眾輿論影響外交決策制定過(guò)程中大眾傳媒作用的片面性，外交制度建設(shè)與規(guī)范公眾輿論表達(dá)的不同步性以及公眾輿論表達(dá)主體的多元性與表達(dá)傾向的復(fù)雜性。出現(xiàn)上述問(wèn)題的原因也是多方面的，分別是外交決策自身特點(diǎn)影響政府對(duì)公眾輿論的關(guān)注度，大眾傳媒自身缺陷限制公眾輿論暢通地表達(dá)，外交制度建設(shè)進(jìn)程的緩慢束縛了公眾輿論的良性發(fā)展，公眾整體素質(zhì)的參差不齊造成非理智的利益表達(dá)。 第三部分對(duì)當(dāng)前公眾輿論影響中國(guó)外交決策的現(xiàn)實(shí)性及必要性進(jìn)行分析，中國(guó)的政治民主化進(jìn)程推動(dòng)了公民社會(huì)的發(fā)展，中國(guó)綜合國(guó)力和國(guó)際地位的提升，外交決策過(guò)程的日益民主化，以及大眾傳媒的平臺(tái)作用，這些因素都促進(jìn)了公眾輿論對(duì)外交決策的影響；公眾輿論的存在并發(fā)揮作用是非常必要的，它是中國(guó)外交決策民主化的重要指標(biāo)，可以使中國(guó)制定的外交政策更加合理化、科學(xué)化，為中國(guó)外交獲得更強(qiáng)大的國(guó)內(nèi)輿論支持和更大的回旋余地。 最后，在該文的第四部分，針對(duì)以上所說(shuō)的公眾輿論參與外交決策制定過(guò)程中存在的不足提出改進(jìn)建議：政府要逐漸加深公眾輿論對(duì)中國(guó)外交決策的影響，提高關(guān)注和提煉公眾輿論的能力，促進(jìn)中國(guó)外交決策的進(jìn)一步民主化；進(jìn)一步發(fā)揮大眾傳媒自身優(yōu)勢(shì)，確保公眾輿論表達(dá)渠道的暢通；加快外交制度建設(shè)進(jìn)程；提高廣大公眾的素質(zhì)，使輿論表達(dá)朝著理性化和專(zhuān)業(yè)化的方向發(fā)展。 相信在政府、公眾以及大眾傳媒的共同努力下，中國(guó)的公眾輿論不僅能夠更深的影響國(guó)家外交決策，，也能夠健康發(fā)展，并逐漸使世界上其他國(guó)家聽(tīng)到中國(guó)的聲音，樹(shù)立中國(guó)良好的國(guó)際形象。
[Abstract]:With the development of society, factors that affect the formulation of Chinese foreign policy more and more, the public opinion as a domestic social factors, its influence on the formulation of Chinese foreign policy has become increasingly prominent. The impact on the public opinion on the current foreign policy of Chinese described, that positive influence public opinion on foreign policy decisions and must be present. For the study of this issue, not only can make the related theory of public opinion has been extended and also has important theoretical significance and practical significance to strengthen the positive effect of public opinion on the current China diplomatic decision-making.
This paper expounds the significance of the thesis, analyzed the domestic and foreign research on this issue, the academic value and application value, introduces the research methods and ideas, the focus of this study, difficulties and innovation, and in the first part of the analysis of the concept of public opinion, and the main expression of public opinion the classification is introduced, including the main expression "the first public", "secondary public" and "public edge", describes the evolution of public opinion and China foreign policy: the development of the new China establishment of the reform and opening up, in the foreign decision-making process presents the characteristics of "official" decisions; reform and opening up in the late 1990s China, the foreign policy of the government also started a "open" sign; in recent years, the government China foreign policy began to limited attention and refine public opinion ingredients, The influence of public opinion on the Chinese government's diplomatic policy has gradually deepened.
Pointed out that the current public opinion influence the decision-making process Chinese diplomatic problems in the second part, namely the government pay more attention to the public opinion, the "official" decision still has a decisive role, the public opinion influence foreign policy decisions one sidedness of the role of the mass media in the process of diplomatic expression system construction and standardization of public opinion is not synchronized and the public opinion of the main expression and expression diversity tendency of complexity. The reasons for these problems are various, which is attention to the characteristics of the foreign policy decisions affect the government of public opinion, the defects of limited public opinion and smooth expression of mass media, the process of diplomatic system construction slowly bound the benign development of public opinion. Uneven quality of the public caused by the irrational interest expression.
The third part is to analyze the influence of the reality and necessity of China foreign policy current public opinion, political democratization China promoted the development of the civil society, Chinese comprehensive national strength and international status, the diplomatic decision-making process more democratic, and the mass media platform, these factors have contributed to influence public opinion foreign policy; public opinion exist and play a role is very necessary, it is an important index of Chinese diplomatic decision-making democratization, can make China foreign policy more reasonable, scientific, public opinion get more powerful domestic support for foreign China and more leeway.
Finally, in the fourth part of this paper, aiming at the problems mentioned above the public participation in the process of formulating foreign policy recommendations: the government should gradually deepen public opinion influence on Chinese foreign policies and improve attention and refine public opinion, promote the further democratization of China foreign policy to further develop the mass media; their own advantages, to ensure that the public opinion expression channels; to speed up the process of diplomatic system construction; improve the quality of the public, the expression of public opinion toward rational and professional direction.
I believe that under the joint efforts of the government, the public and the mass media, China's public opinion can not only influence the decision-making of the foreign countries, but also develop healthily, and gradually make the rest of the world hear the voice of China and set up a good international image of China.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：河北師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：D820

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