本文選題：日本　切入點：政治現(xiàn)代化　出處：《山西大學》2013年碩士論文

【摘要】：現(xiàn)代化是世界歷史發(fā)展的潮流,而政治現(xiàn)代化作為社會整體現(xiàn)代化的重要組成部分,它的發(fā)展狀況必然在一定程度上反映著整個社會的進步程度。一百四十多年來,日本在政治現(xiàn)代化的道路上艱難而又堅定的前行著,可以說經歷了一個曲折而又漫長的發(fā)展過程。19世紀中后期,在西方列強的壓力下日本被迫打開國門,明治政府的政治精英們?yōu)閼獙韧獠凯h(huán)境所帶來的挑戰(zhàn),開始向西方學習并引進西方的政治制度,他們期待通過政治改革使國家走向富強。改革后的日本迅速崛起為世界強國,改變了東亞的政治格局,從此日本也走上了對外侵略擴張的道路,同時也給亞洲其他國家?guī)砹藶碾y。經歷了兩次世界大戰(zhàn)的日本,終究還是為自己的軍事擴張付出了慘痛的代價,也親手毀了自己早期的現(xiàn)代化成果。二戰(zhàn)結束后,在美國的主導下,日本確立了資產階級民主政治制度,至此才正式走上了政治現(xiàn)代化之路。雖然日本的民主化是美國占領當局所賜予的,但客觀上卻符合了日本政治現(xiàn)代化發(fā)展的需要,也實現(xiàn)了日本政治秩序的穩(wěn)定,給予了日本國民更多的政治參與空間,同時為20世紀60年代日本經濟的繁榮奠定了基礎。但是在日本民主政治的發(fā)展過程中,缺乏有效的政權輪替,從而滋生了一系列的問題,這些問題實際上都對政治現(xiàn)代化構成了潛在的威脅。2009年8月,民主黨在大選中獲勝,實現(xiàn)了日本憲政史上首次政權更迭,今后日本政治現(xiàn)代化如何演繹,成為人們關注的焦點。本文以日本政治現(xiàn)代化的發(fā)展進程為脈絡,以求將歷史研究和政治學的分析法結合起來,在前人研究成果的基礎上,著力闡釋日本政治現(xiàn)代化進程中各個階段所發(fā)生的事件和存在的問題,并在此分析的基礎上提煉出日本政治現(xiàn)代化的特點和我國政治現(xiàn)代化發(fā)展的可鑒之資,從而有助于我國在實現(xiàn)政治現(xiàn)代化道路中少走彎路,更順利的實現(xiàn)自己的政治現(xiàn)代化。
[Abstract]:Modernization is the trend of the development of world history, and political modernization, as an important part of the overall modernization of society, must reflect the progress of the whole society to a certain extent. For more than 140 years, Japan has gone through a tortuous and long process of development on the road of political modernization. In the middle and late 19th century, under the pressure of Western powers, Japan was forced to open its doors to the country. In response to the challenges posed by the internal and external environment, the political elites of the Meiji government began to learn from the West and to introduce Western political systems. They hoped that through political reform, the country would become rich and strong. After the reform, Japan quickly emerged as a world power. It changed the political structure of East Asia, and since then Japan has also embarked on the path of aggression and expansion abroad. At the same time, it has brought disaster to other countries in Asia. Japan, which has experienced two world wars, After all, they paid a heavy price for their military expansion and personally destroyed their early achievements in modernization. After the end of World War II, under the leadership of the United States, Japan established a bourgeois democratic political system. At this point, Japan officially embarked on the road of political modernization. Although Japan's democratization was bestowed by the United States occupation authorities, it objectively met the needs of the development of Japan's political modernization and also realized the stability of Japan's political order. It has given Japanese citizens more space for political participation and laid the foundation for Japan's economic prosperity in the 1960s. However, in the process of the development of Japanese democratic politics, there is a lack of effective political power rotation, thus creating a series of problems. In fact, these problems pose a potential threat to political modernization. In August 2009, the Democratic Party won the general election, which brought about the first change of political power in the history of Japan's constitutionalism. How to interpret Japanese political modernization in the future? Based on the development of Japanese political modernization, this paper aims to combine the historical research with the analysis of political science, and on the basis of the previous research results, Focusing on explaining the events and existing problems in each stage of the process of Japanese political modernization, and refining the characteristics of Japan's political modernization and the instructive resources for the development of our country's political modernization on the basis of this analysis. It is helpful for our country to make less detours in the road of political modernization and realize its own political modernization more smoothly.
【學位授予單位】：山西大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：D831.3

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