本文選題：冷戰(zhàn)結(jié)束　切入點(diǎn)：波蘭　出處：《中共中央黨�！�2012年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：冷戰(zhàn)結(jié)束、蘇聯(lián)解體后，中東歐國(guó)家相繼提出了“回歸西方”的戰(zhàn)略。在此種外交戰(zhàn)略的指導(dǎo)下，各國(guó)在密切同歐洲關(guān)系的同時(shí)，與俄羅斯的關(guān)系卻一波三折，且至今仍矛盾重重。在中東歐國(guó)家中，波蘭極具代表性，它在原蘇東集團(tuán)中首先發(fā)生劇變，開(kāi)啟了中東歐國(guó)家變革的先河，同時(shí)又最先利用休克療法成功實(shí)現(xiàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)轉(zhuǎn)型。因此，探究波俄關(guān)系的演變及其影響因素，對(duì)于研究中東歐國(guó)家與俄羅斯的關(guān)系具有重要意義，而且在一定程度上可以反映出美俄、歐俄、美歐之間的關(guān)系變化。本文主要對(duì)冷戰(zhàn)結(jié)束以來(lái)的波俄關(guān)系進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)地梳理，并在此基礎(chǔ)上對(duì)影響波俄關(guān)系發(fā)展的因素進(jìn)行了分析。 本文第一章介紹了冷戰(zhàn)結(jié)束后波蘇新型關(guān)系的建立。整個(gè)冷戰(zhàn)期間，波蘭國(guó)內(nèi)要求改革的呼聲一直很高，這是其在20世紀(jì)80年代末發(fā)生劇變的根本原因。而戈?duì)柊蛦谭蚪Y(jié)束冷戰(zhàn)的政策、美國(guó)等西方國(guó)家對(duì)波蘭國(guó)內(nèi)改革的支持是波蘭劇變并迅速轉(zhuǎn)向西方的重要的外部因素。1989年波蘭統(tǒng)一工人黨在選舉中失敗，團(tuán)結(jié)工會(huì)上臺(tái)組閣；同時(shí)，波蘭由計(jì)劃經(jīng)濟(jì)體制向市場(chǎng)經(jīng)濟(jì)體制轉(zhuǎn)軌，國(guó)家性質(zhì)發(fā)生變化。在對(duì)蘇關(guān)系方面，波蘭根據(jù)本國(guó)利益調(diào)整對(duì)蘇政策，波蘇關(guān)系走上正�；钠D難之路。 本文第二章以波蘭加入北約和歐盟為主線，分析了1991年到2008年在“回歸西方”外交戰(zhàn)略指導(dǎo)下，波蘭對(duì)俄政策的變化。隨著融入西方程度的不斷加深，波蘭對(duì)俄政策一方面受到了北約、歐盟對(duì)俄政策的制約；另一方面，波蘭又試圖憑借自身地位，將本國(guó)利益與北約、歐盟利益捆綁，增強(qiáng)自己在處理波俄關(guān)系時(shí)的籌碼和話語(yǔ)的分量�？傊�，由于有了美國(guó)、北約以及歐盟的撐腰，波蘭外交政策中對(duì)俄強(qiáng)硬的色彩日趨濃重，導(dǎo)致波俄關(guān)系出現(xiàn)了倒退。 本文第三章通過(guò)對(duì)政治、經(jīng)貿(mào)、安全等領(lǐng)域的透視，對(duì)2008年以來(lái)的波俄關(guān)系進(jìn)行了較為詳盡的介紹。這一時(shí)期波俄高層互訪頻繁，經(jīng)貿(mào)往來(lái)增加，在安全領(lǐng)域盡管分歧猶存但能夠考慮到彼此關(guān)切�？傮w看來(lái)，由于兩國(guó)在彼此外交中地位的上升，雙方外交逐漸轉(zhuǎn)向務(wù)實(shí)，兩國(guó)改變了相互敵對(duì)態(tài)度，，雙邊關(guān)系走出低谷，向好趨勢(shì)較為明顯。 本文第四章從國(guó)際、雙邊及國(guó)內(nèi)三個(gè)層面，對(duì)影響波俄關(guān)系的因素進(jìn)行了闡釋。國(guó)際層面，和平與發(fā)展仍是當(dāng)今時(shí)代兩大主題，國(guó)際社會(huì)傳統(tǒng)安全與非傳統(tǒng)安全問(wèn)題相互交織，客觀上要求國(guó)家之間加強(qiáng)政策協(xié)調(diào)，求同存異。而美俄關(guān)系的好壞也直接影響著波俄的親疏程度。在雙邊層面影響兩國(guó)關(guān)系最重要的三個(gè)因素是歷史因素、地緣政治因素和能源問(wèn)題，這三個(gè)因素在過(guò)去一度制約了波俄關(guān)系實(shí)現(xiàn)正�；�。國(guó)內(nèi)層面，領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人的個(gè)人理念和利益集團(tuán)的傾向，也會(huì)影響波俄關(guān)系。 文章最后認(rèn)為，由于兩國(guó)都擺出了改善相互關(guān)系的積極姿態(tài)，今后一段時(shí)間內(nèi)，波俄關(guān)系繼續(xù)回暖將是大勢(shì)所趨。但是，由于兩國(guó)在心理上建立互信還需要一定時(shí)間，在一些具體問(wèn)題上還存在分歧，因此，在總體轉(zhuǎn)好的主旋律中，還將出現(xiàn)一些不夠和諧的小插曲。
[Abstract]:The end of the cold war, after the collapse of the Soviet Union, the Middle East European countries have proposed a "return to the west" strategy. In the diplomatic strategy under the guidance of all countries at the same time close relations with Europe, relations with Russia are still full of contradictions and striking one snag after another, in the central and Eastern European countries, Poland is very representative, it is in the original Su Dong group first change opened in the Eastern European countries change precedent, it is also the first use of shock therapy to achieve the successful economic restructuring. Therefore, exploring the evolution and its influencing factor relations with Russia, is of great significance for the study of relationship between the central and East European countries and Russia, but also reflects the United States and Russia, to a certain extent Europe and Russia, relationship between the United States and Europe. This paper focuses on the relations between Poland and Russia since the end of the cold war were systematically, and based on the influence factors of the development of relations with Russia are analyzed. Analysis.
The first chapter introduces the establishment of the end of the cold war Polish new relationship. Throughout the cold war, Poland's domestic demand for reform has been very high, this is the fundamental reason for the drastic change in late 1980s. Gorbachev ended the cold war policy, the United States and other western countries to support Poland domestic reform is Poland upheaval and quickly turn the important factors in Poland.1989 Mapam to lose the election, solidarity power cabinet; at the same time, Poland transition from planned economy to market economy, the national nature of change. In the aspect of relations with the Soviet Union, Poland according to their own interest adjustment policy toward the Soviet Union, Polish relations on the hard road of normalization.
The second chapter takes Poland to join NATO and the EU as the main line, from 1991 to 2008 were analyzed in the "return to the western" diplomatic strategy under the guidance of Poland change policy toward Russia. With the deepening of integration into the west, Poland on the one hand by the policies of Russia and NATO, EU restrictions on Russian policy; on the other hand, Poland another attempt by virtue of its position, the national interest and the NATO, the EU interests tied, strengthen their relations with Russia in dealing with wave chips and discourse component. In short, with the United States, NATO and the EU backing, Poland's foreign policy of Russia's tough color increasingly strong, led to the emergence of backward wave relations with Russia.
In the third chapter, through analyzing the political, economic, security and other fields of perspective, the relations between Poland and Russia since 2008 are introduced in detail. In this period, the Russian wave frequent high-level visits, increased trade, although differences still exist in the field of security but to take into account the concerns of each other. In general, because of the rise in foreign to each other the position of both sides, diplomacy has gradually changed to pragmatic, mutually hostile attitude between the two countries, bilateral relations bottomed out, a good trend is more obvious.
In the fourth chapter, from the international and domestic, bilateral three aspects, the influence factors of relations with Russia are explained. The international level, peace and development is the era of the two themes, the international society of traditional security and non-traditional security issues are intertwined, requires the state to strengthen policy coordination between the United States and Russia relations, seek common ground. Directlyaffects the two wave Russia. In three the most important factor in the bilateral level impact on relations between the two countries is the historical factors, and the problem of energy geopolitical factors, these three factors in the past once restricted the normalization of relations with Russia. The domestic level, the leader's ideas and interests tendency. Will also affect relations with Russia.
Finally, because the two countries have assumed a positive attitude to improve relations with each other, the next period of time, the relations between Poland and Russia continue to pick up is represent the general trend. However, due to build trust between the two countries in psychology also need some time, there are still differences in some specific issues, therefore, the main melody in general better that will also appear some not harmonious episode.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中共中央黨校
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2012
【分類號(hào)】：D851.2;D851.3

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