發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-06-05 02:28

  本文選題：記憶 + 忘卻�。� 參考：《國外理論動態(tài)》2017年12期

【摘要】：本文分析了四種對待過去的創(chuàng)傷性記憶的模式:對話式忘卻、為了永不忘卻而記憶、為了忘卻而記憶、對話式記憶。對話式忘卻是被過去的共同暴力行為聯(lián)系在一起的敵對雙方經(jīng)過一致同意后自愿選擇忘卻以達(dá)成一致和平。它并非真正的忘卻,而是有意識地就過去的創(chuàng)傷性歷史保持沉默。在內(nèi)戰(zhàn)結(jié)束之際,這種方式經(jīng)常被當(dāng)成一種快速地促進(jìn)社會融合的有效治療手段,但這種對話式沉默或忘卻協(xié)議只有在雙方相互施加暴力的情況下才會湊效。如果施暴者與受害者之間是一種完全不對等的關(guān)系,那么只有"永不忘卻的銘記"才是對待集體性毀滅行為的恰當(dāng)反應(yīng)。它不僅是對幸存者的一種療傷,而且是對死難者應(yīng)盡的精神和倫理義務(wù)。"為了忘卻而記憶"模式則是通過記憶來實(shí)現(xiàn)忘卻,記憶本身并不是目的和終點(diǎn),鍛造一個(gè)新的開始才是最終目的。對話式記憶則超越了國家和社會的內(nèi)部重構(gòu),它涉及的是共享創(chuàng)傷性暴力遺產(chǎn)的記憶政策。如果國家之間能夠通過相互承認(rèn)彼此的罪責(zé)、對加諸他人的苦難予以同情來共同面對曾經(jīng)的暴力歷史,那么它們就參與了對話式記憶。
[Abstract]:This paper analyzes four models of traumatic memory in the past: conversational forgetting, memory for never forgetting, memory for forgetting and memory for dialogue. Dialogue forgetting is a consensual choice between adversaries linked to past acts of common violence to reach an agreed peace. It is not truly forgotten, but consciously silent about the traumatic history of the past. At the end of a civil war, this approach is often used as an effective treatment for rapid social integration, but this conversational silence or forgetfulness of agreement can only work if both sides commit violence against each other. If there is a completely unequal relationship between the perpetrator and the victim, then the only appropriate response to collective destruction is the unforgettable memory. It is not only a remedy for survivors, but also a moral and ethical obligation to the dead. " In order to forget, "memory" mode is to achieve forgetting through memory, memory itself is not the end and end, forging a new beginning is the ultimate goal. Conversational memory goes beyond the internal reconstruction of the state and society and involves memory policies that share the legacy of traumatic violence. If nations can confront each other's history of violence by mutual recognition of each other's guilt and sympathy for the suffering of others, they are involved in dialogue memories.
【作者單位】： 德國康茨坦茨大學(xué)人文學(xué)院英美文學(xué)系;廣州大學(xué)人文學(xué)院;首都師范大學(xué)文化研究院;
【分類號】：K01

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