【摘要】：隨著我國城市化的快速發(fā)展,農(nóng)村大規(guī)模的剩余勞動力開始向城市流動,迫于生活壓力,大部分農(nóng)民工只得將孩子留在農(nóng)村老家,由夫妻一方在家照顧或將孩子委托給老人、親友照顧,或由孩子自己照顧自己,農(nóng)村出現(xiàn)了一個龐大的留守兒童群體。由于兒童和父母長期分離,家庭教育缺失,兒童在學習生活中缺乏一個示范性的榜樣和引導者,容易引起兒童的偏差行為,同時,長期分離使得兒童和父母之間缺乏溝通和互動,不易形成正常親子間的信任關系,在一定程度上會造成親子關系的疏遠。本文通過文獻研究法,對農(nóng)村留守兒童親子關系方面的問題進行研究,并通過個案訪談和問卷調查的方式,以農(nóng)安縣濱河鎮(zhèn)L小學二到四年級的學生為調查對象,了解留守兒童的基本情況,以及親子間的關系狀況,進而分析親子關系疏遠的原因,調查研究表明:留守兒童和父母空間距離遠,見面次數(shù)少,溝通機會少,心理疏遠,兒童不愿向父母直接表達心里話;溝通不良,以電話溝通為主,內容局限在學習、生活費和身體健康等方面,父母因外出務工辛苦,常以“命令式”口吻交流;照看者意識缺乏,在促進親子良性互動方面沒有發(fā)揮積極的橋梁作用。本研究試圖從社會工作的角度來介入農(nóng)村留守兒童親子關系疏遠問題,運用社會工作專業(yè)理論和小組工作方法,以“藍信封”的書信形式為主線,設計了七次小組活動,來改善農(nóng)村留守兒童的親子關系。通過對小組活動過程和效果的評估,筆者發(fā)現(xiàn)農(nóng)村留守兒童的親子關系有所改善。通過小組活動,筆者試圖使農(nóng)村留守兒童和父母彼此更深入的理解對方,拉近心理距離;使父母能夠及時為兒童生活和心理上的困境提供引導,有效減少兒童偏差行為的出現(xiàn),進而改善親子關系;同時探索出一些調適留守兒童親子關系的理論與實踐路徑。這有利于農(nóng)村留守兒童的健康成長、家庭的和睦和社會的和諧發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of urbanization in our country, the rural surplus labor force began to flow to the city on a large scale. Under the pressure of life, most migrant workers had to leave their children in the rural hometown, and one of the husband and wife had to take care of the children at home or entrust the children to the elderly. Relatives and friends take care of themselves, or children take care of themselves, there is a large group of left-behind children in the countryside. Due to the long separation of children and parents and the lack of family education, children lack an exemplary role model and guide in their study and life, which can easily lead to children's deviant behavior. At the same time, Long-term separation makes the lack of communication and interaction between children and parents, and it is not easy to form a normal trust relationship between parents and children, which will lead to the alienation of parent-child relationship to a certain extent. Through the method of literature research, this paper studies the parent-child relationship of rural left-behind children, and takes the second to fourth grade students of Binhe Town L Primary School in Nong'an County as the object of investigation by means of case interviews and questionnaires. To understand the basic situation of left-behind children and the relationship between parents and children, and then to analyze the reasons for the alienation of parent-child relationship. The investigation and research show that the distance between left-behind children and their parents is long, the number of meetings is less, the opportunity of communication is less, and the psychological alienation is less. Children are unwilling to express their hearts and minds directly to their parents; Poor communication, mainly telephone communication, the content is limited to study, living expenses and health and other aspects, parents because of the hard work out of work, often in a "command" tone of communication; The lack of awareness of caregivers does not play an active role as a bridge in promoting parent-child benign interaction. This study attempts to intervene in the alienation of parent-child relationship between left-behind children in rural areas from the perspective of social work. Seven group activities are designed by using the professional theory of social work and group working methods, taking the letter form of "Blue Envelope" as the main line. To improve the parent-child relationship of left-behind children in rural areas. Through the evaluation of the process and effect of group activities, the author finds that the parent-child relationship of rural left-behind children has been improved. Through group activities, the author tries to make rural left-behind children and parents understand each other more deeply and narrow the psychological distance. So that parents can provide guidance for children's life and psychological predicament in time, effectively reduce the emergence of children's deviant behavior, and then improve parent-child relationship, and explore some theoretical and practical ways to adjust the parent-child relationship of left-behind children. This is conducive to the healthy growth of rural left-behind children, family harmony and harmonious social development.
【學位授予單位】：長春工業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：C916

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