【摘要】：長期以來,留守兒童問題備受政府、家庭、社會和學界的關注,而留守兒童安全問題也曾多次引發(fā)社會輿論熱潮。留守兒童安全保護力量薄弱的現(xiàn)狀,嚴重威脅著留守兒童的生存質(zhì)量和成長健康。尤其是近些年,留守兒童安全問題頻頻被新聞媒體曝光,社會各界對留守兒童安全問題的反思也進一步加深,甚至于留守兒童安全保護被提上了國家治理議程。由此,自2016年始,國家積極實施留守兒童關愛保護措施,排查統(tǒng)計留守兒童信息,調(diào)動多方力量共同參與,力求為留守兒童的發(fā)展提供最大的保障。在諸多學者探究留守兒童的教育、心理、品德的基礎上,本研究著力于留守兒童的安全保護問題。基于家庭、學校、政府在留守兒童安全問題保護中的局限性,研究提出由社會工作組織介入留守兒童安全保護。在論述了留守兒童安全保護中社會工作組織介入的必要性和可行性的基礎上,通過對重慶市石柱縣樣本選取地的留守兒童本人、留守兒童監(jiān)護人、留守兒童所在學校任課教師和留守兒童學校負責人、留守兒童居住地村干部的實地訪談調(diào)查以及對“青助會”、“三生志愿者”等社會組織的案例分析,從橫向和縱向兩個維度剖析了社會工作組織在留守兒童安全保護中的介入要素、介入過程,其中介入要素分析了介入內(nèi)容、介入方式、社會工作組織介入過程中與其他組織間的互動關系,介入過程探討了介入流程和介入形式。研究肯定了社會工作組織介入留守兒童安全保護的有效性,分析了其介入的現(xiàn)實成效,并進一步挖掘其介入的有效經(jīng)驗,如發(fā)揮組織內(nèi)部團隊合力、注重安全教育反饋、采用游戲性安全教育提高留守兒童安全自護能力等,同時就社會工作組織自身內(nèi)部阻礙因素和外部阻礙因素進行探討并分析其原因,研究認為造成其介入障礙的原因主要在于社會工作組織自我發(fā)展能力弱、社會工作組織的服務對象泛化、社會工作組織的服務聯(lián)動性差、公民意識缺失、留守兒童的管理工作落實不到位。基于以上分析,研究提出要汲取社會工作組織介入留守兒童安全保護的有效做法并提倡予以推廣,同時提出多項留守兒童安全保護建議,一是政府與社會工作組織的協(xié)同治理,融合學校、家庭等主體建立協(xié)作機制,形成全民共同參與的保護格局;二是鄰里互助,發(fā)揮熟人社會的力量;三是借用“互聯(lián)網(wǎng)+”,挖掘線上資源,建設留守兒童安全保護的網(wǎng)絡體系;四是對留守兒童安全問題產(chǎn)生的源頭進行治理,也就是從留守兒童家庭入手,一方面健全并落實留守兒童的監(jiān)護機制,提高監(jiān)護人的責任意識和安全意識,同時通過扶持留守兒童父母回鄉(xiāng)就業(yè)或留守兒童同父母隨遷進城來重建留守兒童的家庭功能,另一方面建立留守兒童安全保護的系統(tǒng)工作程序和操作標準;五是從留守兒童自身建設著手,提高留守兒童的自我保護能力。
[Abstract]:For a long time, the problem of left-behind children has been paid close attention to by the government, family, society and academia, and the safety of left-behind children has led to the upsurge of public opinion many times. The weak safety and protection of left-behind children seriously threaten the quality of life and growth of left-behind children. Especially in recent years, the safety of left-behind children has been repeatedly exposed by the news media, and the reflection on the safety of left-behind children has been further deepened, and even the safety protection of left-behind children has been put on the national governance agenda. Therefore, since 2016, the state has actively implemented the care and protection measures for left-behind children, checked and counted the information of left-behind children, mobilized various forces to participate in it, and made every effort to provide maximum protection for the development of left-behind children. On the basis of many scholars exploring the education, psychology and morality of the left-behind children, this study focuses on the safety and protection of the left-behind children. Based on the limitations of family, school and government in the protection of left-behind children, it is proposed that social work organizations should be involved in the safety protection of left-behind children. On the basis of discussing the necessity and feasibility of the intervention of social work organizations in the safety protection of left-behind children, through the sample selection of Shizhu County in Chongqing, the left-behind children themselves, the left-behind child guardians, Teachers in the school where the left-behind children live and the person in charge of the left-behind children's school, on-the-spot interviews with village cadres in the village where the left-behind children live, and case analysis of social organizations such as "Youth Association" and "Sansheng volunteers," etc. This paper analyzes the intervention elements and process of social work organization in the safety protection of left-behind children from the horizontal and vertical dimensions, in which the intervention elements analyze the content and mode of intervention. The interaction between social work organization and other organizations in the process of social work intervention, the process of intervention and the form of intervention are discussed. The research affirms the effectiveness of social work organization's intervention in the safety protection of left-behind children, analyzes the practical effect of its intervention, and further explores the effective experience of its intervention, such as giving full play to the internal team of the organization and paying attention to the feedback of safety education. Using play safety education to improve the safety and self-care ability of left-behind children, discussing and analyzing the reasons of internal and external hindrance factors of social work organization itself. It is believed that the main causes of the intervention obstacles are the weak self-development ability of social work organizations, the generalization of social work organizations' service objects, the poor service interaction of social work organizations, and the lack of civic consciousness. The management of left-behind children is not in place. Based on the above analysis, the study proposes to draw on and promote the effective practices of social work organizations involved in the safety protection of left-behind children, and at the same time puts forward a number of recommendations for the safety protection of left-behind children, one is the collaborative governance between the government and social work organizations, The integration of schools, families and other main bodies to establish a collaborative mechanism to form a common participation of the people in the protection of the pattern; Second, help each other in the neighborhood and bring into play the strength of acquaintance society; third, borrow the "Internet" to excavate online resources and build a network system for the safety and protection of left-behind children; Fourth, to manage the source of the safety problem of left-behind children, that is, to start with the families of left-behind children, on the one hand, to improve and implement the guardianship mechanism of left-behind children, and to raise the sense of responsibility and safety of guardians. At the same time, the family function of the left-behind children is reconstructed by supporting the parents of the left-behind children to return to their hometown for employment or to move with their parents to the city with their parents. On the other hand, the systematic working procedures and operating standards for the safety protection of the left-behind children are established. Fifth, from the left-behind children's self-construction, improve the left-behind children's ability of self-protection.
【學位授予單位】：西南大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：C913.5;C916

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