北京城市居民職住分離特征與影響機制研究
發(fā)布時間：2018-10-13 13:10
【摘要】：改革開放以來,城市化快速發(fā)展和社會經濟領域的一系列改革,促使北京城市內部空間結構發(fā)生大規(guī)模調整,傳統職住合一的“單位大院”模式逐漸被打破,居住和就業(yè)空間分離現象日益明顯,職住分離引起的交通擁堵、通勤時間增加和生活質量下降等問題受到社會廣泛關注。因此,探討北京城市居民職住分離特征,并揭示職住分離的影響因素和形成機制對于北京城市內部空間結構研究具有重要的理論和實踐意義。論文以北京市為案例,基于2005年和2010年兩次大規(guī)模問卷調查數據和匯總統計數據,綜合運用了社會網絡、數理統計和GIS空間分析等方法,按照“特征—因素—機理”的研究思路對北京城市居民職住分離特征和影響機制進行了系統研究。首先,對北京城市居民職住分離整體特征和人群分異特征進行了分析；其次,探討了居民個體層面和區(qū)域層面職住分離的影響因素；最后,對北京城市居民職住分離的形成機制進行了歸納。研究主要得出以下結論： (1)北京城市居民職住分離程度加劇。2010年北京城市居民平均通勤時間和距離分別為43.3分鐘和7.0千米,比2005年均有顯著增加。 (2)通勤時間、通勤距離、通勤優(yōu)勢度和通勤出發(fā)時間的空間分異明顯。由城市中心向外圍通勤時間和距離呈逐增趨勢,通勤優(yōu)勢度呈逐漸趨勢,通勤出發(fā)時間出現偏早的趨勢。 (3)北京城市空間存在的居住和就業(yè)空間不匹配現象,區(qū)域居住和就業(yè)功能定位不同造成通勤網絡中心度差異和通勤流向以向心通勤為主。 (4)不同社會屬性居民群體的通勤時間和通勤距離存在顯著差異性,通勤滿意度特征和居住-就業(yè)空間格局也有所區(qū)別。按通勤時間和距離長短排序均為：年輕白領年輕打工族一般平民高收入階層,其中,一般平民和年輕打工族的通勤滿意度相對較高,高收入階層和年輕白領的通勤滿意度相對較低。 (5)遠郊區(qū)居住、到天安門距離、住房面積、非單位類型住房、年輕打工族和年輕白領等因素加劇職住分離程度,近郊／遠郊就業(yè)、單位規(guī)模10-49人／100人以上、男性等因素減輕職住分離程度。另外,不同社會屬性居民群體的職住分離影響因素有所差異。 (6)北京城市居民職住分離產生是宏觀機制和微觀機制綜合作用下的結果。宏觀機制主要包括城市化發(fā)展、舊城改造、土地有償使用制度、單位制度改革、交通發(fā)展；微觀機制主要包括社會經濟屬性、家庭生命周期、居住特征、就業(yè)特征、個人偏好。
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, the rapid development of urbanization and a series of reforms in the field of social economy have prompted a large-scale adjustment of the spatial structure within the city in Beijing. The separation of living space and employment space is becoming more and more obvious. The problems such as traffic jam increasing commuting time and declining quality of life caused by the separation of occupation and residence have been paid more and more attention by the society. Therefore, it is of great theoretical and practical significance for the study of the spatial structure of Beijing city to probe into the characteristics of the separation of occupation and residence among urban residents in Beijing, and to reveal the influencing factors and the formation mechanism of the separation of occupation and residence. Taking Beijing as an example, based on the data of two large-scale questionnaires in 2005 and 2010, the paper uses the methods of social network, mathematical statistics and GIS spatial analysis. According to the idea of "characteristic-factor-mechanism", the separation characteristics and influence mechanism of occupation and residence of urban residents in Beijing are studied systematically. First of all, it analyzes the overall characteristics and population differentiation characteristics of urban residents in Beijing. Secondly, it discusses the factors affecting the separation of occupation and residence at the individual level and regional level. Finally, it analyzes the factors affecting the separation of occupation and residence at the individual level and the regional level. The formation mechanism of the separation of occupation and residence of Beijing urban residents is summarized. The main conclusions of the study are as follows: (1) the degree of occupational separation of urban residents in Beijing is increasing. In 2010, the average commuting time and distance of urban residents in Beijing were 43.3 minutes and 7.0 km, respectively. Compared with 2005, there were significant differences in commuting time, commuting distance, commuting advantage and commuting departure time. (2) the spatial differentiation of commuting time, commuting distance, commuting advantage and commuting departure time were significant. The commuting time and distance from the city center to the periphery are increasing gradually, the commuting superiority degree is showing a gradual trend, and the commuting departure time is on the early side. (3) the residential and employment space mismatch exists in the urban space of Beijing. Different location of regional residence and employment function resulted in the difference of commuting network center degree and commuting direction mainly in concentric commuting. (4) there were significant differences in commuting time and commuting distance among residents with different social attributes. Commuting satisfaction characteristics and residential-employment spatial pattern are also different. The order of commuting time and distance is as follows: young white-collar young migrant workers have relatively higher commuting satisfaction. The commuting satisfaction of high-income class and young white-collar workers is relatively low. (5) factors such as living in the far suburbs, distance from Tiananmen Square, housing area, non-unit type housing, young migrant workers and young white-collar workers, etc., increase the degree of separation of occupation and housing. Employment in the suburbs / suburbs, unit size of 10-49 people / 100 people, men and other factors to reduce the degree of separation of occupation and residence. In addition, there are differences in the factors affecting the separation of occupation and residence among different social attribute groups. (6) the separation of occupation and residence of urban residents in Beijing is the result of the combination of macro mechanism and micro mechanism. The macroscopic mechanism mainly includes the urbanization development, the old city transformation, the land paid use system, the unit system reform, the transportation development, the microscopic mechanism mainly includes the social economy attribute, the family life cycle, the residence characteristic, the employment characteristic, the personal preference.
【學位授予單位】：首都師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：C913.31;C913.2
本文編號：2268740
[Abstract]:Since the reform and opening up, the rapid development of urbanization and a series of reforms in the field of social economy have prompted a large-scale adjustment of the spatial structure within the city in Beijing. The separation of living space and employment space is becoming more and more obvious. The problems such as traffic jam increasing commuting time and declining quality of life caused by the separation of occupation and residence have been paid more and more attention by the society. Therefore, it is of great theoretical and practical significance for the study of the spatial structure of Beijing city to probe into the characteristics of the separation of occupation and residence among urban residents in Beijing, and to reveal the influencing factors and the formation mechanism of the separation of occupation and residence. Taking Beijing as an example, based on the data of two large-scale questionnaires in 2005 and 2010, the paper uses the methods of social network, mathematical statistics and GIS spatial analysis. According to the idea of "characteristic-factor-mechanism", the separation characteristics and influence mechanism of occupation and residence of urban residents in Beijing are studied systematically. First of all, it analyzes the overall characteristics and population differentiation characteristics of urban residents in Beijing. Secondly, it discusses the factors affecting the separation of occupation and residence at the individual level and regional level. Finally, it analyzes the factors affecting the separation of occupation and residence at the individual level and the regional level. The formation mechanism of the separation of occupation and residence of Beijing urban residents is summarized. The main conclusions of the study are as follows: (1) the degree of occupational separation of urban residents in Beijing is increasing. In 2010, the average commuting time and distance of urban residents in Beijing were 43.3 minutes and 7.0 km, respectively. Compared with 2005, there were significant differences in commuting time, commuting distance, commuting advantage and commuting departure time. (2) the spatial differentiation of commuting time, commuting distance, commuting advantage and commuting departure time were significant. The commuting time and distance from the city center to the periphery are increasing gradually, the commuting superiority degree is showing a gradual trend, and the commuting departure time is on the early side. (3) the residential and employment space mismatch exists in the urban space of Beijing. Different location of regional residence and employment function resulted in the difference of commuting network center degree and commuting direction mainly in concentric commuting. (4) there were significant differences in commuting time and commuting distance among residents with different social attributes. Commuting satisfaction characteristics and residential-employment spatial pattern are also different. The order of commuting time and distance is as follows: young white-collar young migrant workers have relatively higher commuting satisfaction. The commuting satisfaction of high-income class and young white-collar workers is relatively low. (5) factors such as living in the far suburbs, distance from Tiananmen Square, housing area, non-unit type housing, young migrant workers and young white-collar workers, etc., increase the degree of separation of occupation and housing. Employment in the suburbs / suburbs, unit size of 10-49 people / 100 people, men and other factors to reduce the degree of separation of occupation and residence. In addition, there are differences in the factors affecting the separation of occupation and residence among different social attribute groups. (6) the separation of occupation and residence of urban residents in Beijing is the result of the combination of macro mechanism and micro mechanism. The macroscopic mechanism mainly includes the urbanization development, the old city transformation, the land paid use system, the unit system reform, the transportation development, the microscopic mechanism mainly includes the social economy attribute, the family life cycle, the residence characteristic, the employment characteristic, the personal preference.
【學位授予單位】：首都師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：C913.31;C913.2
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，本文編號：2268740
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