本文關(guān)鍵詞： 城市流浪兒童 個案社會工作 社會救助　出處：《華中師范大學》2013年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

【摘要】：近年來城市流浪兒童問題已經(jīng)成為中國一個不可忽視的社會問題,中國要創(chuàng)建和諧社會、加快現(xiàn)代化建設(shè),必須解決好城市流浪兒童問題。城市流浪兒童問題的成因是多方面的,經(jīng)濟貧困與家庭功能失調(diào)是城市流浪兒童問題產(chǎn)生的主要原因。學校教育不當也是城市流浪兒童形成的重要原因,還有的是被社會上的不法分子拐騙利用而導致流浪街頭,也有部分兒童是因為自身的人格發(fā)展不健全,或沉迷網(wǎng)絡(luò)游戲不可自拔或叛逆心理嚴重而離家出走,最終淪為流浪兒。目前,城市流浪兒童問題越來越嚴重,這與我們國家的社會保障救助機制不夠健全有著重要關(guān)系。國內(nèi)外學者對城市流浪兒童問題的研究已取得了頗多成果,這對城市流浪兒童的救助起到了很大的推動作用。但是大多數(shù)學者都是從宏觀上去進行研究,對理論的研究比較多,對于具體可操作性的研究比較少。本文通過對城市流浪兒童成因及特征進行分析,運用專業(yè)的個案社會工作方法對城市流浪兒童開展個案實務社會工作,深刻認識和把握流浪兒童的身心特征,運用專業(yè)的個案社會工作技巧為其提供服務,將“以人為本”的社會工作理念運用到個案工作中。從而希望改變傳統(tǒng)救助模式的缺陷,更多的強調(diào)人文關(guān)懷,從案主自身的角度去認識他們的需要,從本質(zhì)上把握城市流浪兒童的問題。以此從根本上解決城市流浪兒童的問題,幫助他們增強自身的能力,協(xié)助其樹立正確的人生觀、世界觀、價值觀。 本文通過總結(jié)對城市流浪兒童的個案社會工作實踐情況,提出了幾點建議：(1)個案社會工作介入城市流浪兒童救助要以尊重為前提。城市流浪兒童是一個特殊的群體,他們比其他人更渴望尊重和理解,更害怕指責,社會工作者在開展救助工作的時候要秉承“以人為本”的理念,真誠地尊重和接納流浪兒童。(2)個案社會工作的開展要注意城市流浪兒童心理的特殊性。城市流浪兒童是一個特殊的群體,他們大多處于生理和心理發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵時期,心理發(fā)展不健全,再加上流浪的經(jīng)歷,他們的心理特征與正常孩子有區(qū)別。在介入過程中,要從城市流浪兒童的這些心理特征入手開展工作,只有這樣才能夠深入了解他們真實的內(nèi)心,才能夠使個案工作開展得更有成效。(3)要加強個案工作的后續(xù)工作。由于城市流浪兒童在救助中心待得時間短,流動性大等因素,個案工作對其介入的成效往往不是很好。要想做到“救助一個,成功一個”,必須要做好個案工作的后續(xù)工作,與案主的家庭、學校、社區(qū)等建立聯(lián)系,及時了解案主的情況,對案主進行后續(xù)的跟蹤服務。(4)加強社會工作者的專業(yè)素質(zhì)和推進社會工作本土化進程。要更好的救助城市流浪兒童,切實發(fā)揮個案社會工作在救助中的作用,必須要有一支專業(yè)素質(zhì)過硬的社工隊伍,社會工作者的專業(yè)素質(zhì)與能力也尤為關(guān)鍵。同時,還需大力宣傳個案社會工作,提高人們的認知度和認可度,加快推進個案社會工作的本土化進程。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the problem of city street children has become a social problem can not be ignored Chinese China, to create a harmonious society, accelerate the construction of modern city, we must solve the problem of street children. The causes of problems of city street children are in many aspects, poverty and family dysfunction is the main cause of the problem of city street children. Because of improper school education is the formation of city street children, there are criminals kidnapping on society resulted from the streets, there are some children because of their personality development is not perfect, or addicted to online games can not extricate themselves or serious psychological rebellion and run away, eventually becoming homeless children. At present, the problem city street children are becoming more and more serious, this and our country's social security relief mechanism is not perfect. The important relationship between domestic and foreign scholars on the city street Study on children's problem has made quite a lot of achievements, which to a great role in promoting the city street children assistance. But most scholars have conducted the research from the macro view, compared to the theoretical research, research on the specific operational less. Based on the causes and characteristics of city street children and the use of professional social work method to carry out the practice of social work for the case of city street children, physical and mental characteristics of deep understanding and grasp of the street children, the use of professional social work skills to provide services, the use of "people-oriented" concept of social work to the case work. Thus to change the shortcomings of the traditional rescue mode, more the emphasis on humanistic care, from the case itself perspective to understand their needs, grasp the city street children in nature. In order to solve the fundamental The problem of urban stray children will help them enhance their ability to help them set up a correct outlook on life, world outlook, and values.
This paper summarizes the case of city street children's social work practice, and puts forward some suggestions: (1) the case of social work intervention to rescue city street children to respect for the premise. City street children are a special group, they are eager to respect and understand more than others, more afraid of criticism, social workers in the when to carry out rescue work to uphold the "people-oriented" concept, sincerely respect and acceptance of street children. (2) social work should pay attention to the special psychological city street children. City street children are a special group of people, most of them are in a critical period of physical and psychological development, psychological development is not perfect plus, the wandering experience, their psychological features are different from normal children. During the procedure, from the city to the street children the psychological features of the work, only Only in this way can understand their true heart, to be able to make the case to carry out the work more productively. (3) tosvengthenthethefollow upofthecasework. Because the city street children in the rescue center for a short time, mobility and other factors, case work for their intervention results are often not very good. If you want to do "a successful rescue, a" follow-up work must do the case work, school and family, the main case, contact the community construction, timely understanding of client, client follow-up tracking service. (4) to strengthen the social workers professional quality and social work to promote the localization process. To better help the City street children, and play a role in the rescue in case of social work, there must be a professional social work team, the quality and ability of professional social workers are particularly critical. At the same time, also need to We should energetically publicize the social work of the case, improve the awareness and recognition of the people, and accelerate the process of the localization of the case social work.

【學位授予單位】：華中師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：C913.5;C916

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