本文選題：福利多元主義　切入點(diǎn)：弱勢(shì)兒童　出處：《吉林大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：兒童福利制度的構(gòu)建雖然日漸引起了學(xué)者們的關(guān)注，但是有關(guān)如何建構(gòu)具有中國(guó)特色的兒童福利制度這一議題，還是缺乏系統(tǒng)的研究。在近二十多年的歷史性變革中，我國(guó)弱勢(shì)兒童群體的范圍相應(yīng)擴(kuò)大，使得我國(guó)弱勢(shì)兒童群體內(nèi)部的復(fù)雜程度和多樣性遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)超過(guò)了西方發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家，呈現(xiàn)出和世界上許多國(guó)家弱勢(shì)兒童群體不同的特征。本研究的理論意義就在于研究社會(huì)福利轉(zhuǎn)型過(guò)程中弱勢(shì)兒童群體的社會(huì)福利安排，并通過(guò)對(duì)福利多元主義理論和廣義社會(huì)福利概念的探討，力圖在我國(guó)現(xiàn)行兒童福利的基礎(chǔ)上改造出一條福利多元主義建構(gòu)下的中國(guó)化路徑。從現(xiàn)實(shí)意義看，我國(guó)擁有三億多兒童，兒童是祖國(guó)的未來(lái)，是民族的希望，是未來(lái)社會(huì)的生產(chǎn)力。我國(guó)育兒事務(wù)的主要承擔(dān)者長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)一直是家庭，而如今我國(guó)處于社會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)型期，社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展與環(huán)境的變遷導(dǎo)致了家庭的結(jié)構(gòu)及功能發(fā)生了變化，因而致使家庭的育兒功能降低。因此，當(dāng)以往的育兒途徑出現(xiàn)問(wèn)題時(shí)，如何建構(gòu)適合我國(guó)國(guó)情的兒童福利制度，為家庭的育兒事務(wù)提供政策化的國(guó)家支持，是當(dāng)前面臨的一大課題。更為重要的是，救助保護(hù)弱勢(shì)兒童是我國(guó)治理社會(huì)問(wèn)題和化解社會(huì)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，構(gòu)建和諧社會(huì)的重要任務(wù)，亟待社會(huì)保障的研究者踐行。 鑒于此，本研究采用福利多元主義的研究框架，對(duì)我國(guó)社會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)型下的弱勢(shì)兒童群體的福利制度進(jìn)行了深入分析，并總結(jié)了改革開(kāi)放三十年來(lái)我國(guó)在弱勢(shì)兒童福利建設(shè)方面取得的成績(jī)和存在的問(wèn)題，從家庭、國(guó)家、社區(qū)與志愿組織這四個(gè)福利主體各自責(zé)任與聯(lián)動(dòng)的視角出發(fā)，分析了我國(guó)弱勢(shì)兒童福利的缺失原因，并通過(guò)比較西方發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家的兒童福利發(fā)展?fàn)顩r，借鑒了瑞典、美國(guó)與日本在兒童福利事業(yè)方面的發(fā)展經(jīng)驗(yàn)，明確提出了我國(guó)兒童福利的建設(shè)思路。在研究過(guò)程中，，主要采取的研究方法是文獻(xiàn)研究和比較研究。通過(guò)理論聯(lián)系實(shí)際，在分析了兒童福利的基礎(chǔ)理論之上，對(duì)我國(guó)現(xiàn)行的針對(duì)弱勢(shì)兒童群體的福利制度進(jìn)行了客觀的評(píng)價(jià)，并運(yùn)用福利多元主義的分析框架，同時(shí)借鑒國(guó)際的成功經(jīng)驗(yàn)，提出了完善我國(guó)弱勢(shì)兒童群體社會(huì)福利的相關(guān)建議。具體有四點(diǎn)：堅(jiān)持以家庭為中心與改善問(wèn)題家庭生存環(huán)境并舉；加快弱勢(shì)兒童福利制度的頂層設(shè)計(jì)建設(shè)；提升社區(qū)兒童福利中心的供給層次；規(guī)范與鼓勵(lì)民間組織參與兒童社會(huì)福利建設(shè)。
[Abstract]:Although the construction of child welfare system has attracted more and more scholars' attention, there is still no systematic research on how to construct a child welfare system with Chinese characteristics.In the past twenty years of historical changes, the scope of the vulnerable children in China has been expanded, which makes the complexity and diversity of the vulnerable children in our country far exceed that of the western developed countries.It presents different characteristics from the vulnerable groups of children in many countries around the world.The theoretical significance of this study is to study the social welfare arrangements of vulnerable children in the process of social welfare transformation, and to explore the theory of welfare pluralism and the concept of social welfare in a broad sense.On the basis of the current child welfare in China, the author tries to reform a Chinese way of welfare pluralism.In practical sense, China has more than 300 million children. Children are the future of the motherland, the hope of the nation and the productive forces of the future society.The main bearers of childcare affairs in China have been families for a long time, but now our country is in the period of social transformation, the development of social economy and the changes of environment have led to changes in the structure and functions of families.As a result, the parental function of the family is reduced.Therefore, how to construct the child welfare system suitable for the situation of our country and provide policy support for the parental affairs of the family is one of the major problems now.More importantly, rescuing and protecting vulnerable children is an important task to solve social problems, resolve social risks and build a harmonious society.In view of this, this study adopts the research framework of welfare pluralism to deeply analyze the welfare system of the vulnerable children under the social transition in China.It also summarizes the achievements and problems in the welfare construction of vulnerable children in China during the past 30 years of reform and opening up, starting from the perspective of the responsibility and linkage of the four welfare subjects: family, state, community and voluntary organizations.This paper analyzes the reasons for the lack of welfare of vulnerable children in China, and draws lessons from the experiences of Sweden, the United States and Japan in the development of child welfare by comparing the development of child welfare in the western developed countries.Clearly put forward our country child welfare construction thought.In the research process, the main research methods are literature research and comparative research.On the basis of analyzing the basic theory of children's welfare, this paper makes an objective evaluation of the current welfare system for the vulnerable groups of children through the combination of theory and practice, and applies the analysis frame of welfare pluralism.At the same time, draw lessons from the international successful experience, put forward some suggestions to improve the social welfare of the disadvantaged children in China.There are four specific points: insisting on taking the family as the center and improving the living environment of the problem family; speeding up the top-level design and construction of the welfare system for the disadvantaged children; promoting the supply level of the community child welfare center;To standardize and encourage the participation of civil society organizations in the construction of children's social welfare.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：D669.5;D632.1

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本文編號(hào)：1701088