發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-01-10 01:10

  本文關(guān)鍵詞：刑事被害人國家救濟(jì)制度研究　出處：《廣西師范大學(xué)》2014年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 刑事被害人 救濟(jì) 補(bǔ)償 人權(quán) 和諧

【摘要】：2012年立法者們將“尊重和保障人權(quán)”寫入了刑事訴訟法,犯罪嫌疑人、被告人將會是這一重大修改的真實(shí)受益者。這次修改使刑事訴訟法進(jìn)一步擴(kuò)大了對犯罪嫌疑人、被告人的法律援助范圍,其確定的證據(jù)制度、辯護(hù)制度以及申訴救濟(jì)等都體現(xiàn)出對犯罪嫌疑人、被告人合法權(quán)益的充分保障。但刑事被害人的賠償問題仍然停留在原有的層面上,沒有更多的突破。刑事被害人的人權(quán)同樣需要得到尊重和保障,可是現(xiàn)行的刑事訴訟法對于刑事被害人而言,卻沒能擔(dān)負(fù)起這么多的保障職責(zé)。這讓我們很直觀地感受到似乎犯罪嫌疑人、被告人與刑事被害人的人權(quán)出現(xiàn)了嚴(yán)重的不平等現(xiàn)象。如果僅僅是看上去不平等,但對國家的發(fā)展,對社會的和諧穩(wěn)定沒有實(shí)質(zhì)性的損害,那倒也不是當(dāng)前應(yīng)迫切解決的問題。可現(xiàn)實(shí)是我國每年有超過400萬件的刑事案件,其中有將近一半的刑事被害人在遭受犯罪侵害后,得不到或者不完全得到被告人的賠償,從而造成這些刑事被害人及其家庭的生活陷入困境。二次傷害極大地刺激刑事被害人及其家人,使其怒視和仇恨社會,進(jìn)而對社會制造出新的報(bào)復(fù)性的危害甚至是犯罪。這影響到社會的和諧穩(wěn)定和國家的發(fā)展,因此刑事被害人救濟(jì)越來越受到各界的關(guān)注,理論界開始對此問題進(jìn)行深入研究探討,2007年全國人大代表提出制定《刑事被害人救助制度》的提案,2008年以來,我國各地都積極地開展刑事被害人救助工作。隨著國家經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展,文明的進(jìn)步,社會穩(wěn)定的需要,刑事被害人國家救濟(jì)制度的建立和實(shí)施成為未來發(fā)展的趨勢。因此筆者想通過本文對今后在我國如何構(gòu)建刑事被害人國家救濟(jì)制度進(jìn)行探討。 本文以國際刑事被害人救濟(jì)實(shí)踐,國內(nèi)刑事被害人救濟(jì)不到位導(dǎo)致的困境為背景,提出制定并實(shí)施刑事被害人國家救濟(jì)制度有完整國家職責(zé)、維護(hù)社會穩(wěn)定、平衡人權(quán)保障的必要性和政策方面、法律方面、實(shí)踐方面的可行性。以進(jìn)一步完善國家保護(hù)國民的職責(zé),進(jìn)一步平衡刑事訴訟中犯罪嫌疑人、被告人與被害人的人權(quán)保障,進(jìn)一步維護(hù)社會和諧穩(wěn)定的角度為出發(fā)點(diǎn),采取理論研究和實(shí)證研究相結(jié)合的科學(xué)研究方法,將境外國家和地區(qū)的刑事被害人救濟(jì)的立法和實(shí)踐與我國的刑事被害人救助實(shí)踐成果相融合,結(jié)合我國實(shí)際情況,從刑事被害人補(bǔ)償?shù)膶ο蟆l件,補(bǔ)償標(biāo)準(zhǔn)以及補(bǔ)償資金的來源等幾方面,提出在我國建立刑事被害人國家救濟(jì)制度,尤其是刑事被害人國家補(bǔ)償制度的具體構(gòu)想。
[Abstract]:In 2012, lawmakers wrote "respect and protect human rights" in the criminal procedure law, suspects. The defendant will be the real beneficiary of this major amendment. The amendment will further expand the scope of legal aid for suspects and defendants and the established evidentiary system. The defense system and the appeal relief all reflect the full protection of the legal rights and interests of the criminal suspects and defendants, but the compensation of the criminal victims remains at the original level. No more breakthrough. The human rights of criminal victims also need to be respected and guaranteed, but the current criminal procedure law for criminal victims. It makes us feel very intuitively that the human rights of the suspect, the accused and the criminal victim appear to be seriously unequal. However, the development of the country, the social harmony and stability has no substantial damage, that is not the urgent problem that should be solved. But the reality is that there are more than 4 million criminal cases every year in our country. Among them, nearly half of the criminal victims can not get or not get the compensation of the accused after being violated by the crime. As a result, the lives of these criminal victims and their families are in a difficult situation. Second injuries greatly stimulate the criminal victims and their families, make them angry and hate society. And then to the society to create a new revenge harm or even crime, which affects the social harmony and stability and the development of the country, so the criminal victim relief is more and more concerned by all walks of life. In 2007, the NPC deputies put forward a proposal to formulate the "Criminal victim Relief system" since 2008. With the development of national economy, the progress of civilization and the need of social stability, criminal victim relief work has been carried out actively in all parts of our country. The establishment and implementation of the national relief system for criminal victims will become the trend of future development, so the author would like to discuss how to construct the national relief system for criminal victims in China in the future. Based on the international criminal victim relief practice and the predicament caused by the domestic criminal victim relief, this paper proposes that the establishment and implementation of the criminal victim national relief system has a complete national responsibility to maintain social stability. Balance the necessity of human rights protection and the feasibility of law and practice in order to further improve the responsibility of national protection and further balance the criminal suspects in criminal proceedings. The protection of human rights between the accused and the victims, and the further maintenance of social harmony and stability as the starting point, the scientific research method combining theoretical research and empirical research is adopted. Combining the legislation and practice of criminal victim relief in foreign countries and regions with the practical achievements of criminal victim relief in our country, combining the actual situation of our country, the object and condition of criminal victim compensation are analyzed. In this paper, the author puts forward the concrete idea of establishing the national relief system for criminal victims in China, especially the national compensation system for criminal victims in several aspects, such as the standard of compensation and the source of compensation funds.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2014
【分類號】：D925.2
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本文編號：1403257