【摘要】：科學(xué)發(fā)展觀的“以人為本”思想有其特定的主體性內(nèi)涵、價值取向與重大實踐意義。其主體性內(nèi)涵是：其一，主體“人”是在社會中現(xiàn)實存在的人。西方人本主義思想對主體內(nèi)涵的詮釋大致分為兩派，一派是以康德、黑格爾為主的把人的理性、人的絕對精神當(dāng)作人的存在本質(zhì)；另一派是以費爾巴哈為主的把人的自然性和被動的“類”屬性當(dāng)作人的存在本質(zhì)。兩派皆脫離社會而存在，與現(xiàn)實的人相去甚遠(yuǎn)。其二，主體“人”是社會全體成員。毛澤東的群眾史觀孕育于革命戰(zhàn)爭和社會初期建設(shè)之中，群眾史觀中主體“人”往往緊跟歷史形勢，在不同階段中具有不同階級范疇，始終擺脫不了階級斗爭的影子，與當(dāng)代中國的社會現(xiàn)實不符。其三，主體“人”是社會實踐的主體，亦是社會實踐的價值目的。中國傳統(tǒng)民本思想中的“民”為“以民為本”的道德主體，是社會階級劃分后形成的階層性“類群體”概念，傳統(tǒng)民本思想雖然動搖了蒙昧?xí)r期“神”“帝”至高無上的地位，但只作為治國方略的道德高度存在，無社會實際意義。“以人為本”的價值取向涉及到以“人的什么”為本這個問題。中國傳統(tǒng)民本思想從人的修身、人的教育、人的衣食需要來談，具有相當(dāng)大的局限性。西方人本主義則高舉自由旗幟，把人的“民主”“平等”等普世價值追求抽象到了極致反而變成虛幻的東西。革命與建設(shè)時期的群眾史觀認(rèn)為要以“人民的根本利益”為本，然而因為歷史環(huán)境的影響，“利益”被廣泛理解為“生存需要”的物質(zhì)財富，而一定程度上輕視了人更深層次的精神追求。當(dāng)代“以人為本”是科學(xué)發(fā)展觀的核心思想，結(jié)合中國特設(shè)社會主義建設(shè)的實際情況和發(fā)展目標(biāo)，，既要求以人的社會生存需要，人的政治、精神和文化權(quán)益為本，又要求以人主動創(chuàng)造的實踐活動為主，更要求以人的全面自由的發(fā)展為主�？茖W(xué)發(fā)展觀的“以人為本”思想具有重大實踐意義。首先，“以人為本”在堅持馬克思主義的基礎(chǔ)上，將“唯物”與“人本”有機(jī)結(jié)合起來。其次，貫徹“以人為本”思想能夠促進(jìn)民生問題的落實，更進(jìn)一步維護(hù)好人民的根本利益。再次，“以人為本”思想促進(jìn)了社會主義和諧社會的建設(shè)，全面加快了人的全面自由的發(fā)展的進(jìn)程。
[Abstract]:The idea of "people-oriented" of the scientific development view has its specific subjective connotation, value orientation and great practical significance. Its subjective connotation is as follows: first, the subject "man" is the person who exists in the society. The interpretation of the connotation of the subject in western humanism is divided into two schools. One is that Kant and Hegel mainly regard human rationality and absolute spirit as the essence of human being. The other is Feuerbach who regards the nature of man and the passive attribute of "class" as the essence of human being. Both schools of thought exist out of society, far from the real world. Second, the subject "man" is a member of the whole society. Mao Zedong's view of mass history was conceived in the revolutionary war and the initial construction of society. The main body of the concept of mass history, "man", often followed the historical situation closely, had different class categories in different stages, and could not get rid of the shadow of class struggle. It is inconsistent with the social reality of contemporary China. Third, the subject "human" is the subject of social practice and the value purpose of social practice. The "people" in the Chinese traditional people-oriented thought is the moral subject of "people-oriented" and the concept of "class group" formed after the social class division. Although the traditional people-oriented thought has shaken the supreme position of "god" and "emperor" in the period of ignorance, But the moral height exists only as the general strategy of governing the country, and has no social practical significance. The value orientation of "people-oriented" involves the question of "what is human". The traditional Chinese people-oriented thought has some limitations, such as the cultivation of people, the education of people, and the need of people's food and clothing. Western humanism holds high the banner of freedom and abstracts the pursuit of universal values such as democracy and equality to the utmost and turns them into illusory things. The historical view of the masses during the period of revolution and construction thought that the basic interests of the people should be taken as the foundation. However, because of the influence of the historical environment, the "interests" were widely understood as the material wealth of "survival needs". To some extent, it belittles the deeper spiritual pursuit. "People-oriented" is the core thought of the scientific development view. Combining with the actual situation and development goal of China's special socialist construction, it is necessary to take the social survival needs of human beings, political, spiritual and cultural rights and interests of human beings as the basis. It also requires the active creation of the practice activities, but also the overall and free development of human beings. It is of great practical significance to put people first in view of scientific development. First of all, "people-oriented" on the basis of Marxism, will be "materialistic" and "people-oriented" organic combination. Secondly, the implementation of "people-oriented" ideology can promote the implementation of livelihood issues, and further safeguard the fundamental interests of the people. Thirdly, the idea of "people-oriented" promotes the construction of socialist harmonious society and speeds up the development of man's all-round freedom.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湘潭大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2013
【分類號】：D61;B038

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